Feed for pigs contains essential nutrients, amino acids and digestive enzymes. The mixture has a homogeneous structure, so the animals eat everything without choosing individual components. Nutritional supplements increase the digestibility of feed, a balanced composition guarantees rapid weight gain.
What is feed for pigs made from?
Manufacturers take into account the physiological state and age of pigs and produce dry food for different age groups.The mixtures differ in composition and meet the requirements of GOST. Feed prepared according to any recipe contains 6-12 main ingredients and additives.
For adults
1 kg of complete feed for meat fattening pigs contains 1.12 feed units, 100% digestible protein, 48% fiber, 7% calcium, 5.5% phosphorus, 6% lysine. The composition of the feed is given in the table.
| Raw materials | % |
| Corn and barley taken in a 1:1 ratio | 73,5 |
| Wheat bran | 14 |
| Feed yeast | 2,3 |
| Fish and meat and bone meal, taken in a 1:1 ratio | 1,9 |
| Sunflower or soybean meal | 2,8 |
| Peas | 2 |
| Herbal flour | 2 |
| Chalk | 1 |
| Salt | 0,5 |
Special feed is produced for pregnant and lactating sows. Animals in these physiological states have special composition and nutritional requirements. Pregnant sows need fewer amino acids and minerals than lactating sows.
| Raw materials for the production of dry concentrate | Pregnant sows (%) | Lactating sows (%) |
| Barley | 20-70 | 20-70 |
| Oats | up to 30 | Up to 15 |
| Wheat, corn | Up to 40 | Up to 40 |
| Feed oil | 0,5-1 | 1-3 |
| Soybeans | To 10 | Up to 15 |
| Fish meal | Until 3 | Up to 5 |
| Peas | To 10 | To 10 |
| Rapeseed meal | To 10 | Up to 7 |
| Sunflower meal | To 10 | Up to 5 |
| Dry pulp | Up to 25 | Up to 5 |
| Wheat bran | Up to 20 | Up to 5 |
The average daily portion per sow in the first period of gestation is 2.3 kg, during the second period of gestation - 2.9-3.3 kg, the last 5 days before farrowing - 1.5 kg. The volume of dry feed per day during lactation is given, adjusting for the number of piglets:
- 8 suckers - 4.8 kg;
- 10 suckers - 5.5 kg;
- 12 suckers - 6.1 kg.
After weaning, the weight of the complete feed is gradually increased to 7 kg over 10 days.
| Content (%) | Barley | Oats | Schrot | Meat and bone meal | Alfalfa meal | Chalk | Salt | Premix |
| Boar-producer | 30 | 40 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
For piglets
The future productivity of the livestock depends on how the sucklings are fed in the first days of life. Sows are given special food so that the little piglets receive the maximum amount of nutrients from their milk. Already on the 3-7th day they begin to give crumb feed.
| Ingredients | Suckling piglets in the first month of life (4th to 30th day) | Suckling piglets in the second month of life (from 31 to 60 days) |
| Corn flour | 28% | 23% |
| Oat flour | 30% | 35% |
| Flaxseed cake | 10% | 9% |
| Wheat bran | 5% | 7% |
| Feed yeast | 5% | 4% |
| Dry return | 10% | 13% |
| Fish meal | 10% | 6% |
| Chalk | 0,5% | 0,5% |
| Salt | 0,3% | 0,5% |
Fattening piglets from 2 to 4 months require a different composition; the percentage of ingredients in the feed depends on the weight of the animal.
| Weight | Barley | Wheat | Corn | Peas | Sunflower meal | Meat and bone meal | Feed yeast | Premix |
| 9-20 kg | 33% | 23% | 19% | 10% | 9% | 3% | 6% | 3% |
| 20-45 kg | 35% | 20% | 23% | 12% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 2% |
| 45-100 kg | 45% | 35% | 10% | 5% | 2% | 3% | 0% | 0% |
Types of feed
For piglets from the 5th to the 49th day of life, pre-start feed is purchased. Starting from the 50th day, they switch to starter feed. They are given until the weight of the gilt reaches 20-35 kg. When the piglet weighs 30-65 kg, growth feed enriched with various additives is used. Adult boars and sows are transferred to finishing feed.
By release form
They produce two types of feed: loose and granules. Granulated feed fractions:
- for piglets do not exceed 8 mm;
- for adult animals do not exceed 10 mm.
Bulk feed is produced in different grinding sizes: fine, medium, coarse.
By purpose
Compound feed is used as an additive to the main menu or as the main feed. In the first case, concentrated feed is used, in the second case, complete feed is used.
| View | For sows and boars | For piglets | For breeding pigs aged 4-8 months | For meat fattening | For fattening |
| Full blown | SPK-1,-2 | SPK-3, -4, -5 | SPK-6 | SPK-7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12 | SPK-13 |
| Concentrated | SKK-54, -57 | SKK-50, -51 | SKK-52 | SKK-55 | SKK-58 |
The best manufacturers
There are factories for the production of concentrated feed for pigs in many federal districts. In total there are 55 large manufacturers in Russia. The first lines of the rating are occupied by:
- Cherkizovo Group LLC;
- JSC "Prioskolye";
- Agricultural Holding "Miratorg"
Premium brands of feed are supplied by the British company AB Agri and the German company AGRAVIS Raiffeisen.
Homemade feed for pigs
It is profitable to make your own concentrated feed mixture on the farm. The main ingredients for its production are given in the table.
| % | Ingredient |
| 30 | Sunflower meal |
| 20 | Corn |
| 20 | Barley |
| 10 | Wheat |
| 0,2 | Salt |
The feed rate per 1 kg of weight gain is 5.5 kg.
To make a homemade feed mixture, the following equipment is required:
- to maintain exact proportions - scales;
- for grinding ingredients - a grain crusher;
- to destroy bacteria in the mixture and increase its digestibility - an extruder;
- to shape the feed mixture - a granulator.
First, the grain is washed and dried, then it and other ingredients are passed through a grain crusher. The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, water is added. The mass is passed first through an extruder, then through a granulator. The resulting granules are dried and used to feed pigs.
| Recipe | Age group | Ingredient | Quantity |
| 1 | Adult pigs | Barley | 300 g |
| Oats | 250 g | ||
| Grass meal (alfalfa) | 120 g | ||
| Meat and bone meal | 110 g | ||
| Sunflower cake | 70 g | ||
| Crushed chalk | 20 g | ||
| Salt | 10 g | ||
| 2 | Piglets | Barley | 1 kg |
| Lard stern | 40 g | ||
| Feed yeast | 90 g | ||
| Crushed chalk | 15 g | ||
| Salt | 5 g |
Feeding rules
Up to six months, piglets are fed 3 to 5 times a day; adult boars and sows are given food 2 times a day.Calculate the daily intake and divide it by the number of feedings. Suckers and weanlings are given warm (30 °C) feed.
| Consistency of the finished feed mixture | Dry food to water ratios |
| Liquid | 3:1 |
| Thick | 2,5:1 |
| Viscous | 1,5:1 |
| The scattering is wet | 1:1 |
| Dry scattering | 1:0,5 |
Water is added right before feeding. Fattening piglets are mixed with root vegetables (beets, carrots), potatoes, peas; breeding boars, in addition to the feed mixture, are given milk and animal products; pregnant sows are supplemented with greens, potatoes, and legume hay.
