Quite often you can find cabbage in the gardens of many vegetable growers. This vegetable attracts attention for its taste and medicinal properties. Not all of its varieties have good resistance to diseases, so it is often necessary to treat diseases of cabbage seedlings. However, this is quite difficult to do, so it is first recommended to study cabbage diseases and their treatment.
White rot
It is one of the most common diseases affecting cabbage. The main reasons for its occurrence are sudden temperature changes and high humidity.The disease begins to appear during storage of vegetables and at the final stage of the growing season. Most often, the disease appears in frozen heads of cabbage.
Identifying white rot is quite simple. To do this, just carefully examine the plant. White spots and a gray coating appear on the affected leaves. Then the leaves begin to deform. The affected leaves must be disposed of immediately so that the disease cannot spread further.
Not everyone knows what to do to prevent the appearance of white rot. To do this, you should adhere to the following recommendations:
- The cabbage harvest should be stored at a temperature of about 1 degree Celsius;
- before storage, the premises in which the vegetable will be stored must be disinfected;
- Cabbage should be planted in its previous location only after 3-5 years.
For a more detailed study of white rot, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the photo of the cabbage disease and its control in open ground.
Kila
Many consider the clubroot to be the main enemy of all cabbage varieties. Most often it occurs in soil with high levels of humidity. This disease can appear after transplanting plant seedlings into open ground. In this case, the first symptoms begin to appear very slowly. First, the leaves that are located below wilt. Later they become deformed, die and the cabbage stops developing further.
The roots of the bushes also suffer from clubroot. Over time, small growths appear on them, which gradually increase in size. Because of this, nutritional disturbance occurs and the plant dies completely. If you do not get rid of dead bushes in a timely manner, the pathogens will get into the soil.
This cabbage disease affects bushes at any age, but most often it appears in young seedlings.
Every gardener should know how to deal with clubroot. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately get rid of all affected bushes. To do this, they should be dried in the sun and burned away from the garden. Healthy cabbage is watered with not too cold water and hilled. It is also recommended to dig up the soil and place beet tops in it. Work should be performed using separate, pre-disinfected equipment.
To get rid of this disease, other measures to combat it are used. Some gardeners disinfect the soil for this purpose. The essence of this method is to plant crops on the site that destroy pathogens. To do this, you can plant garlic, onions, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and spinach.
After the site has been rehabilitated, it is recommended to check the soil for the presence of the disease. The plot is being planted early cabbage. If no growths appear on its roots during cultivation, then we can assume that there is no clubroot on the site.
Blackleg
Not everyone knows why plants develop black legs. There are several reasons for the occurrence of this cabbage disease. These include:
- Fungi. These pathogens most often enter the soil from cabbage plants that suffered from blackleg a year ago.
- High humidity and acidity. In humid air, the disease develops much faster than under normal conditions.
- Incorrect landing. If cabbage seedlings were planted too densely and overfed with fertilizers containing nitrogen, then the likelihood of blackleg appearing increases several times.
According to the characteristics of its manifestation, the disease resembles cabbage alternaria. The main symptoms include the fact that the process of rotting begins on the leaves of cabbage and on its stems.Blackleg is very dangerous as it spreads quickly between plants.
It is recommended to figure out in advance how to deal with it in order to protect healthy seedlings. First you need to get rid of pathogens in the soil. To do this, the soil with plants is treated with copper sulfate and watered with heated water. You can also get rid of blackleg using Fundazol or Planriz. If the treated plants do not recover over time, they will have to be removed from the garden and burned.
Fusarium
Fusarium wilt of cabbage occurs due to fungi that are found in the soil. Most often, this disease appears in young seedlings of cauliflower or white cabbage growing at very low temperatures.
It is very easy to notice the disease, as it manifests itself almost immediately. At first, cabbage leaves are covered with yellow spots, which over time lead to complete wilting of the leaves. Due to infection, new heads of cabbage are not formed and the plant stops developing.
Cabbage fusarium is not treatable, so there are no effective methods to combat it. The only thing a person can do is to remove all infected bushes so that the infection does not spread further. You can also treat the area with copper sulfate for prevention.
Gray rot
Most often, gray rot affects cabbage during storage of fruits and during their transportation. Its main causative agent is the botrytis fungus, which can be found on dead tissue or simply in the soil.
For the development of the fungus, favorable conditions are needed - high humidity and light frosts. Gray rot begins to spread from the lower leaves. Their surface is covered with patches of gray color, which gradually spread to neighboring sheets.
It is impossible to cure the disease, so everything must be done to prevent it from appearing. There are several preventive measures that will protect bushes from gray rot:
- water the cabbage only with heated and well-settled water;
- do not use fertilizers that contain a lot of nitrogen;
- harvest in a timely manner;
- do not leave plant remains in the garden after harvesting the heads of cabbage;
- wipe the cabbage dry before storing it;
- store cabbage in a room with a temperature of about 2-5 degrees Celsius;
- Before storing cabbage, care must be taken to disinfect the premises.
Mosaic
Cabbage mosaic is one of the most serious viral diseases that can occur in this plant. Infection is facilitated by improper treatment of bushes or infected crops that are located near them. Quite often, a mosaic appears after picking young seedlings. The disease is also transmitted by various insects, which include thrips, ticks, bedbugs and aphids.
There are several main signs of this disease:
- The leaves are deformed and covered with spots of different colors. They may be purple or even have a lilac-whitish tint.
- The development of bushes slows down several times due to problems with metabolism. As a result, young shoots begin to dry out and die completely.
- The bushes become covered with brown marks, which gradually begin to rot.
Many people think about how to treat cabbage against diseases. Treating infected bushes will not help, since this disease cannot be treated. It is recommended to engage in prevention, which consists of timely destruction of weeds in the beds and various harmful insects.
Downy mildew
Cabbage downy mildew develops actively at temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius. After planting seedlings in the garden, the disease slows down its development. However, this does not prevent the fungus from continuing to remain viable.
The first symptoms begin to appear with the onset of warm weather. Light leaves and leaf veins become covered with scab. Reddish spots also appear on their surface. Over time, a gray coating and yellow or white spots appeared on them. Affected bushes begin to gradually fade. To learn more about the symptoms of downy mildew on cabbage, below is a photo of infected bushes.
There are no effective treatments for peronosporosis. The fight against it consists of timely harvesting of bushes and creating the best conditions for growing.
To prevent the disease, it is recommended to treat the seeds before planting. They are placed in hot water for half an hour, after which they are treated with Planriz.
Mucous bacteriosis
The disease gets its name because infected bushes begin to become covered with mucus. This bacterial disease can appear on cabbage during storage or cultivation. Quite often it appears in conditions of elevated ambient temperatures. The main causes of bacteriosis include:
- increased air humidity;
- abuse of nitrogen fertilizers;
- violation of crop rotation.
There are several options for the course of this disease. Mucous bacteriosis of cabbage can affect the outer leaves. They are subject to deformation and acquire a not very pleasant smell. After some time, the disease spreads to the head of cabbage and the bush gradually dies. When cabbage is infected, the disease immediately spreads to the head of the plant.
In the second option, rotting begins from the stalk. The bacterium penetrates it from the soil or is introduced by harmful insects. Then the disease spreads to the inner leaves, which change color and become softer.
There are different ways to prevent the disease:
- store cabbage heads correctly;
- fight pests throughout the year;
- grow only those varieties that are resistant to mucous bacteriosis;
- disinfect planting material before sowing;
- Cabbage storage is being processed.
Vascular bacteriosis
Quite often, pathogens enter the bushes during rain or with the help of various insects. In this case, vascular bacteriosis of cabbage appears at any stage of development.
The first signs begin to appear on the edges of the leaves. They gradually begin to turn yellow and dry out. Sometimes they turn black and a mesh forms on their surface. When cutting the leaves, you can see that their vessels are also painted black. Within a few days, the head of cabbage becomes deformed, and the fading leaves begin to fall off.
To treat this disease, you can use folk remedies:
- Zelenka with water. The bushes are treated with a weak solution prepared from 15 drops of brilliant green mixed with a bucket of water.
- Zelenka with iodine. This mixture is very effective in fighting diseases. To prepare it, the green stuff is mixed with iodine in a ratio of 1:2 and diluted with 10 liters of water.
Conclusion
Preventing and controlling cabbage diseases will help you get a good harvest. To cure diseases, it is necessary to study their description and treatment in advance.
