There are a wide variety of green onion diseases, and the quality and benefits of the harvest will depend on their proper treatment. The fight against fungal and viral infections is long and difficult, so it is better to take time to prevent diseases. Knowing the first signs of the onset of the disease, you can prevent the mass spread of the pathogen.
The most common onion varieties
A popular type of onion grown for feathers is the batun (Ural family, Seryozha, Semiletka, Maisky). It has a fairly well developed ground part, the feather is thin and can reach 1 meter in length.There are much more useful substances in greens than in onions.
You can plant bulbs or sow seeds. Planting begins in early May. The bulbs are planted to a depth of 3 cm. In July, you can cut the greens, and after a while they will grow again. Since the trumpet grows in one place for several years, next year the first harvest can be collected within a month.
Chives are also grown for greenery. Long narrow leaves with a strong odor can grow up to 50 cm. A small bulb can also form, which is also used for food. Such varieties are known as Bohemia, Lilac ringing, Chemal, Honey plant.
Leeks form delicate and fragrant feathers, flat like garlic leaves, that grow in a fan. There is no bulb, but there is a thick, white stem. Popular varieties include: Vesta, Columbus, Elephant, Casimir, Alligator.
Shallots allow you to cut the greens several times throughout the season. Recommended varieties include Afonya, Aristocratic, Starorussky, Leader, Green, and Karlik.
You can also get greens from onions. For this purpose, small turnips are selected. The following varieties are better suited for these purposes: Soyuz, Strigunovsky, Rostovsky, Bessonovsky.
Planting turnips or onion seeds for greens they begin to practice at the end of April, but provided that the soil has warmed up to +12 degrees. Already in mid-summer you can harvest the first harvest. If you plan to collect fresh greens in the spring, then the seeds can be sown in mid-summer.
How to grow onions for greens in open soil?
Green onions can be grown both from sets and from seeds. The vegetable can be planted close to each other or keeping a distance of 3 cm. Tight planting prevents the bulb from forming, and all efforts are directed to forcing the green feather.
The process of growing onions for feathers begins with the proper preparation of planting material. The most commonly used is onion. Choose medium-sized bulbs (3 cm in diameter and weight no more than 45 g). Selected healthy planting material is dense, without damage, stains or dents. Excess husks are removed from them.
The process of heating and disinfection will help protect the future harvest from viruses. It is recommended to warm the bulbs at a temperature of +40 degrees for 8 hours. After this, keep it in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or salt.
What should you be wary of?
When planting onions on feathers, you need to be prepared for the possibility of diseases and pests. They often cause complete loss of crops. To prevent this from happening, you need to know the main signs of a problem and try to prevent further development.
Green feathers of plants affected by the fungus cannot be cut for use as food. If individual bulbs with signs of damage appear in the garden bed, they need to be removed, and the rest of the greenery should be cut off and dried at temperatures above 50 degrees. This will destroy pathogenic microorganisms.
Diseases
Growing green onions begins with preparatory work, which is aimed at destroying pathogenic flora. Under favorable conditions, fungi become active and lead to the death of the crop.
The most common infections of green onions include rust, downy mildew, and mosaic. Each disease has its own distinctive signs.
Onion rust is a fungal disease that can affect anything. types of onions. Oval, slightly convex yellow spots form on the leaves. As the disease progresses, feather growth stops, they dry out and die.The development of rust is promoted by wet weather and excessive watering, as well as excess nitrogen.
Powdery mildew (downy mildew) is a fungal disease. This disease spreads very quickly and destroys the entire crop. Yellow spots appear on the leaves, and a little later gray-violet spores appear. The plaque is especially noticeable in the morning, after dew. Over time, the spots increase, and all the feathers turn yellow and dry out.
Downy mildew develops in conditions of high humidity, lack of fresh air due to too dense plantings, insufficient solar heat and light.
The disease is treated with folk remedies based on wood ash and whey. After using chemicals, you should not eat greens. It is necessary to reduce the number of waterings and remove nitrogen fertilizing. At the same time, they provide the plant with a sufficient amount of potassium and phosphorus. It is these components that help fight diseases.
The causative agent of Onion Mosaic is a virus. Light yellow spots appear on green leaves. Over time, the spots grow, the feathers begin to curl and dry out at the tips. The reason may be dense planting or pest invasion.
Green onion mosaic disease can be treated with folk remedies. A tincture made from wood ash has proven itself well. 300 g of ash is diluted in 10 liters of water and boiled for 30 minutes. After the solution has cooled, add 35 ml of liquid soap. The green part of the plant is sprayed with the prepared composition.
Another fungal disease that affects onions is neck rot. The infection destroys the onion head. The neck of the bulb becomes thinner, dries and rots.A gray coating appears, which, as the disease progresses, turns into large black dots. If diseased bulbs are planted the next year, the feathers will be weak, sluggish, and pale green with a coating.
Pests
The main pests of green onions are onion flies or moths, thrips and nematodes. The plant develops slowly, the feathers begin to turn yellow and dry out, despite proper care and timely application of fertilizing.
The main methods of pest control include proper soil preparation in the fall. The site is dug up deeply and cleared of weeds. Next year, it is advisable to plant other vegetables in this place, for example, carrots, corn, herbs. Fighting methods:
- If a problem occurs, you can water the rows with a saline solution, avoiding getting it on the greens. Dissolve 20 g of table salt in a bucket of water.
- Periodically, you can sprinkle the beds with a mixture of wood ash, ground pepper and tobacco dust.
- A tincture of tobacco and ground pepper helps. First, 300 g of tobacco is poured with water for several days. Pour 5 g of ground pepper and 20 ml of liquid soap into the finished infusion. Before spraying, the concentrate is diluted again with water.
They are very attentive to the preparation of planting material. Seeds or sets must first be warmed and disinfected.
Top dressing
There are many formulations for feeding onions for greens. It is especially important to fertilize the soil during the period of active feather growth. You can treat the beds with a solution of Agricola 2, Effecton-O, Vegata.
Wood ash, which is sprinkled between rows, is of great benefit. You can prepare an ash infusion. To do this, pour 200 g of ash with hot water, leave for a day, and then water the beds.
For intensive green growth, the soil must have sufficient nitrogen content. In order to prevent fungal diseases, beds with green onions are fed with potassium salt.
The first fertilizing is carried out after the first thinning. You can make an infusion from cow dung or bird droppings. Organic matter can be replaced with a mineral composition. A mixture of ammonium nitrate, potassium salt and superphosphate is suitable.
Second fertilizing onions on greens is carried out after another two weeks. Feedings based on phosphorus and potassium are suitable. A mixture of 35 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium chloride is scattered on the beds where the onions grow.
Additional fertilization may be required when pests, diseases appear, or changes in the appearance of plants. For example, with a lack of nitrogen, leaves grow slowly and yellow spots appear on them. Phosphorus deficiency is indicated by the appearance of large brown spots.
Proper watering
When growing onions, you need to set the watering regime. Any varieties of onions selected for greens need to be watered once every 10. If the weather is dry, then the frequency of watering is increased. It is advisable to water with warm, settled water early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset. While the feather is growing, it is better to pour water at the root. Water the onions You can use greens until harvest.
A lack or excess of moisture can cause the green onions in the garden to begin to turn yellow. If there is a lack of moisture, the soil can become loose, and if there is too much moisture, the risk of rotting will increase. What to do in this case? If the cause is a lack of moisture, then you need to resume watering. You can check the soil moisture by digging a wooden stick deeper. If it remains wet by 10 cm, then watering is postponed for 2-3 days.It is best to organize a drip irrigation system; it is also recommended to mulch the soil.
