The State Register contains many varieties of spring wheat. They differ in characteristics and zoning. Let's consider the description of spring wheat Daria, the characteristics of the variety, advantages and disadvantages. What technology is used to grow this type of wheat, the rate of grain consumption for sowing, how to care for the crop. How to protect plants from diseases and pests, harvest and store crops.
Characteristics and appearance of the variety
Daria is a spring type soft wheat variety that belongs to the grain group.Zoned in the Central Black Earth and Central regions. The bush of the plant is straight, the straw is weak. The spike is pyramidal in shape, medium dense, white. The caryopsis is elongated, with a medium-sized tuft, colored.
The weight of a thousand seeds of the variety is 33-38 g. In zoned zones, the yield reaches 30-35 c/ha on average, which is 3.9 c/ha more than the standard. A maximum of 72.6 c/ha is collected per hectare. The Daria variety is mid-season, the plant growing season lasts 85-95 days, the grain ripens at the same time as the standard.
Advantages and disadvantages
Positive qualities of Daria wheat:
- red grain variety;
- raw gluten 31-33%;
- contains, on average, 14.7% proteins;
- valuable wheat for baking qualities;
- little damage from frosts in spring;
- wheat is resistant to lodging.
Disadvantages of the Daria variety: it is moderately affected by powdery mildew, septoria, smut, hard and dusty smut, and brown rust.
Growing technology
Sandy loam, loamy, sod-podzolic and sod-carbonate soils are best suited for growing Daria wheat. Light sandy loam and peat bog soils are not suitable. Soil acidity should be no less than 5.8, no less than 1.8% humus, less than 145 mg/kg of mobile compounds of the elements potassium and phosphorus.
Predecessors for wheat are legumes, root crops and potatoes, and cruciferous vegetables. At least 30-35 tons of fertilizers per hectare should be applied to them.
The optimal sowing time occurs when the ground temperature is from 5 ºС, which is observed for 3-4 days in a row. The seeding rate for this variety is 5-5.5 million grains per 1 hectare. On light soils, the seeding depth of grains is 5-6 cm, on medium-dense and heavy soils it is less - 3-4 cm. Wheat is sown in rows with row spacing of 7.5, 12.5, 15 cm.
When cultivating the site, apply fertilizers under the predecessor. The entire norm of potassium and phosphorus mixtures is applied to the soil before or during sowing, in rows, in a volume of 20 kg/g. To harvest 60-80 kg/ha of wheat, it is necessary to apply fertilizers with phosphorus at least 60-80 kg/ha, with potassium - at least 100-140 kg/ha and with nitrogen - on average 80 kg/ha (for example, sulfate ammonium or urea).
Cultivation care
3-5 days after sowing the grain, carry out pre-emergence harrowing to destroy weeds. Herbicides from the group 2,4-D and MCPA are used against 1-year-old 2-lobed weeds. To protect wheat from weeds resistant to these drugs, it is necessary to treat the crops with a mixture of 2 or more herbicides with substances from different groups. If a field is clogged with weedy perennials, the area is treated after harvesting, targeting green weeds with herbicides containing glyphosate.
Fertilizing of Daria wheat is carried out in the 1st node phase, urea and humates are added at a dosage of 20-40 kg/ha or 30 kg/ha with a urea-ammonia mixture. Dilute the mixture with water in a ratio of 1 to 4.
In the phase of the 1st or 2nd node, it is necessary to apply foliar fertilization with a mixture of manganese sulfate (on soils with a pH greater than 6.0 - 220-330 g/ha) and copper sulfate (200-300 g/ha).Solutions of these substances must be made separately, and then poured into a common container.
In highly productive areas, you can use not only simple, but also complex fertilizers and growth stimulants. Nitrogen fertilization is also done at the beginning of the heading stage, with a 5-8% urea solution, using 15-20 kg of fertilizer per hectare. When ammonium sulfate is added to the solution in an amount of 5-10 kg per hectare, the quality of the grain increases, in which the amount of protein increases due to the sulfur included in the fertilizer.
Diseases and pests
Daria wheat seed must be treated to protect against pathogens and fungi on their surface and in the soil. Seeds are treated with fungicidal preparations mixed with growth-regulating agents or humates.
Harvesting and storage rules
Harvesting of wheat of the Daria variety is carried out while the grain is ripening in the phase of its full ripeness, when it is fully formed and dried. Immediately mowing and threshing with combines is carried out.
If grains do not ripen at the same time, the plants are first mowed and placed in windrows on the field to dry. After 3-4 days, the grain dries, after which the wheat is raised and threshed.
Finished wheat grain is stored in warehouses or elevators, mainly in bulk. Storage conditions: dry, cool and dark place. Under such conditions, food wheat can be stored for at least 3-4 years.
Spring type wheat of the Daria variety is intended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth and Central regions. The productivity of the mid-season variety exceeds the standard level.
