How and when is it better to plant a pear with fresh cuttings step by step for beginners

In areas with unstable climatic conditions, it is easy to grow a pear, which will delight you with large, high-quality fruits. To do this, graft it yourself onto a picky plant. Before you begin the procedure, you should understand the important nuances and learn how to properly graft a pear. An important role is played by the time of year and the quality of the tree with which they decided to combine the pear.

Purposes of pear grafting

Possible purposes of vaccination:

1. Grafting is used if you want to prolong the youth of your favorite variety.
2. If you don't want to wait several years to try the harvest. The seedlings will bear their first fruits in at least 4 years. But vaccination will significantly speed up the process.
3. The plant is grafted to give it the properties of the best variety. It happens that gardeners are not always satisfied with a growing tree that produces tasteless or small fruits.
4. Carried out to develop a new variety. When different varieties are combined, a seedling is obtained that inherits the best properties of both plants.

What trees can be grafted onto?

Nurseries like to use dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstock. This is due to the speed and ease of reproduction. The resulting plant can be planted in areas with close groundwater.

Various cultivated plants can serve as a rootstock. Let's look at the best options.

To a pear of a different variety

A pear can be grafted onto the same plant. You cannot graft on a pear that differs in ripening period. This will shorten the life cycle of the tree.

Adviсe:

1. They are grafted onto semi-cultivated pear varieties that are grown in our climate. On these trees the scion will grow together better and develop successfully.
2. If a late variety is grafted onto an early pear, then by winter the plant will still bear fruit. As a result, there is a high probability that the first frost will completely destroy the tree.
3. The Ussuri pear will serve well as a rootstock. The result will be a new winter-hardy crop. But not all varieties take root well on this rootstock, so you will have to tinker with the grafting.

To the mountain ash

A culture grafted onto chokeberry will produce a plant with high frost resistance. You can safely graft late pear varieties onto it. The new tree will be compact, which will facilitate easy harvesting. When grafting, leave a quarter of the rowan shoots. This is a mandatory condition, otherwise the plant will not receive the necessary amount of nutrients for fruiting. On a new tree, the fruits will acquire a tart and rather sweet taste.

To the wild pear

If you use a wild one, then thanks to grafting you will be able to get a full-fledged pear with remarkable characteristics in a short period of time.

To quince

By grafting onto this plant, the result is a low-growing crop. The pear will bear fruit early and have poor frost resistance. Therefore, this option is not suitable for regions with harsh winters and late spring frosts. There is a high probability that the harvest will never appear.

But in a temperate climate or with good shelter in cold areas, a compact tree will grow, giving maximum results.

The fruits will acquire a new, unusual taste that everyone will appreciate.

To the plum

It is better to graft on a wild plum. It is highly resistant to harsh climates. Therefore, the new tree will grow resistant to bad weather conditions and severe frosts.

To the apple tree

Grafting will create an unusual tree. As a result, apple and pear branches will be located on the plant. Based on practice, vaccinations do not always take root. But it's worth trying.

In Irgu

Vaccination against shadberry is popular. As a result, the gardener receives fruits of original taste and an excellent fruit-bearing plant that produces an early, maximum harvest. The vaccination should be done low.Height no more than 20 centimeters. Otherwise, the branches will often break off due to the weight of the pear trees and the winds. The plant begins to bear fruit in its second year.

Optimal timing of the procedure

They can be different:

1. In autumn. Grafting is carried out using cuttings that were prepared in the spring. They need to be germinated 1-2 months before the onset of frost.
2. In summer you can graft with fresh cuttings. The favorable time comes in July. But if you can’t get vaccinated during this period, then you shouldn’t be upset. Summer vaccination can also be carried out in August.
3. In the spring. For this purpose, cuttings are prepared in the fall. They are placed in a dark, cool place, and the ends are covered with wet sawdust. The procedure is carried out in the second half of spring, but before the start of sap flow. This will ensure a high survival rate.

How is the scion selected?

The pear is grafted from a cutting. They must be annual. They are taken only from the upper well-lit part of the crown. Harvested in the last ten days of autumn, but before the onset of frost. The buds on the scion should be well developed. They also pay attention to the fact that it is biologically and anatomically suitable for the rootstock.

The graft must be young and healthy - this will significantly increase the chances of success.

Vaccination methods

There are various vaccination technologies. Each method should be discussed in more detail.

Copulation

This method is used when the thickness of the branches is the same. To do this, the places of the cuts are connected and tied tightly. Process:

1. The cut is made oblique. To do this, use a sharp garden knife.
2. The shoot is chosen to be of appropriate diameter and strong. Cut out a small cutting.
3. The bottom of the cut should be the same size as on the grafted tree. Once the sections are prepared, do not touch them with your hands.
4. Attach the cutting so that the two plants are connected.
5. Tie and secure with tape.

Into the cleft

This method is the most popular. Algorithm of actions:

1. The diameter of the scion is chosen several times smaller than the thickness of the rootstock. Technology helps simplify splicing and increase success rates.
2. The rootstock is cut with sharp pruning shears. A split is made in the center of the hemp with a knife. The depth will be about 5 centimeters. To make a scion, cut off the lower part of the branch, which will look like a wedge, and insert it into the split.
3. Apply garden varnish around the surface and wrap the contact areas with film. After 3 months it is removed.

Old trees are usually grafted. This procedure helps to rejuvenate the plant and restore its fruiting. It also extends the life of the crop.

Budding

Algorithm of actions:

1. The grafting is carried out using a bud placed on the shoots of the rootstock.
2. It is enough to make a small cut on the rootstock trunk, attach the scion and wrap it tightly.

For eye grafting, you can use material prepared last year.

For the bark

A distinctive feature of this method is its ease of implementation. Recommended for beginner gardeners:

1. Using a sharp knife, a cut is made on the rootstock, which should be vertical. Length 3 centimeters.
2. The resulting incision is moved back and a scion with a bare cambium is placed in the resulting free space.
3. An important point to consider is that the scion must have 2 swollen buds.
4. Coat the joint with varnish, then wrap it using polyethylene.
5. After 3 months, the junction will be overgrown. Leaves form on the scion, and soon a spreading, well-fruiting tree will grow from it.

Into the side cut

Basic actions:

1. Cut the stem at the bottom to create a uniform wedge.
2. Make a cut on the side of the rootstock of the same size as a wedge.
3. Connect the two parts. Coat with garden varnish.
4. Cover the grafting site with electrical tape.

The procedure is carried out in April.

By the bridge

This method is used if the bark has been damaged by hares. A special bridge helps restore nutrition to the crown and revitalize the tree. Process:

1. Parallel cuts to the bark are made on the damaged area. Size approximately 3 centimeters.
2. Cuttings that were prepared in advance are inserted into the resulting places and coated with varnish.

Ablactation

The method is aimed at saving a mature tree. Time: May. The rootstock and scion are connected by rapprochement. Subsequence:

1. Cut the bark of the scion and rootstock to the same length.
2. Bring the pieces closer until they connect.
3. Coat the joints with plasticine and wrap them with a tourniquet.
4. After 3 months, the tourniquet is removed. Trim the shoots, then disconnect the rootstock branch.

Step-by-step vaccination

For beginner gardeners, the budding method is best. To avoid mistakes, you must follow the detailed description:

1. For the rootstock, a young seedling is used, which can be purchased at a specialized nursery.
2. The procedure is carried out in the last days of July. You can also vaccinate in the first ten days of August.
3. Rake away the soil around the rootstock trunk so that a root collar appears.
4. Remove all branches at a height of 11 centimeters from the soil and wipe with a damp cloth.
5. Using a sharp knife, make a T-shaped cut. Length 3 centimeters.
6. Now you need to properly prepare the cuttings. To do this, use a cutting from a varietal plant and cut off a developed bud.The adjacent tissue (shield) will also need to be trimmed. The shield is made the same length as the cut on the rootstock.
7. Use the edge of a knife to push back the T-shaped cut. Place the cutting there and press firmly with your finger.
8. Using electrical tape, tie the cutting to the stem. Wrap it in such a way as to completely cover the shield, but leave the bud.

Care after vaccination

Vaccinating a plant is half the battle; the main thing is to provide proper care after that:

1. After 3 weeks, the plant is examined. If the bud is colored green and has not dried out, then the procedure was performed correctly and the graft took root.
2. Before winter cold, remove the harness. But if the electrical tape does not compress the crop tissue, then it is better to postpone this process until spring and remove it after the snow melts.
3. Before the buds swell in the spring, the rootstock should be cut a little higher than the graft and covered with garden varnish.
4. The plant is watered all season, and the tree trunk is loosened. Weeds are also constantly removed.
5. A year later, the culture is transplanted to a permanent place

Common mistakes

The most common mistakes newbies make are:

1. Poorly secured stalk. It should fit snugly to the base.
2. Incorrectly selected rootstock. Winter-hardy plants should be chosen.
3. Improperly prepared cuttings. They are harvested in the fall. Those cut early will not ripen or take root. Those prepared after frost will freeze.
4. The procedure took a long time. Vaccination must be done quickly.

If the kidney grafting method is chosen, then pay attention to its condition. If it has dried out or changed color, it cannot be used for the procedure.