How can you propagate raspberries quickly at home?

Raspberries are grown in almost all household plots. How to propagate correctly in order to get the desired result, this information is important for every gardener to know. When cultivating raspberry bushes, it is necessary to select planting material and properly grow seedlings.

When is the best time to propagate raspberries?

Each gardener chooses: how to breed raspberries and the breeding season.

Comparative table of reproduction by season

Each method is described in more detail below.

Spring

Spring breeding is less stressful than autumn breeding. In sunlight and warmth, the shoots and cuttings take root easily and can easily withstand environmental influences. Produced by lateral layering or offspring. They are formed at the internodes of the root part, located horizontally. Since these roots are located at different depths, they appear unevenly throughout the season. There are many such layers and if they are not needed, they are removed.

If used for planting, it is necessary to cut off the cuttings with a sharp tool and plant them in special soil. Water generously and cover with film. When a green sprout appears, fertilize. Fruiting will begin next year.

Summer

To propagate raspberries by layering in the summer, young cuttings that have not yet become woody are used. They have an increased ability for radicular formation.

Features of summer breeding:

1. Green shoots contain fewer valuable substances than ripened shoots; accordingly, storing green material for a long time is impossible.
2. Characterized by a balance of forces: to begin with, those present in the cutting; after - those that will form in young roots. Accordingly, it is necessary to do everything necessary for full growth until the strength is exhausted, otherwise the plant will die.

Propagation in summer differs from spring in that green shoots are not dug up with a horizontal part, but are harvested by cutting them close to the ground or at a certain depression (10 mm). Lower the lower end into the root stimulator. After 12 hours, the sprout is transferred to a ridge under the film. Such microconditions promote rooting.

Autumn

Harvesting cuttings in the fall is used for different varieties of raspberries. A 3-4 year old plant with strong shoots is used as mother material. The optimal time for cutting cuttings is September, length - 25-30 cm, there must be 4 buds. The cut is carried out at an angle of 45^O. Further storage is determined by climatic conditions:

1. If the winter is not harsh and snowy, the temperature is not lower than -15 ^OC, the blanks are stored in the ground at a depth of 0.8 m. They need to be wrapped in cloth and placed in a container with sand. Remove when the ground thaws.
2. If the ground freezes more than a meter, the cuttings should be stored in the basement, placed in a container with sand.
3. In spring, cut off the bottom edge by 10 mm, place in a solution with a growth stimulator for 12 hours.
4. Plant in the ground, cover, creating a greenhouse effect.
5. After rooting, plant in the ground.

Preparatory work

Preparation consists of choosing tools and planting material for accelerated propagation.

What tools and materials will be needed

Depending on the breeding method, various auxiliary materials will be required. Be sure to have sharp pruning shears. If cuttings are cut for winter storage, containers, sand, peat or sawdust are needed. If seedlings are planted immediately, containers with fertile soil and a covering film are needed to create a greenhouse effect.

The process of preparing planting material

Before preparing the material, you need to select a variety. Raspberries can be regular, large-fruited, remontant, or standard. Each offers certain advantages. For example, ordinary is a reliable variety that takes root in various conditions. The downside is low yield.

Attention is drawn to the ease of care, fruiting time, quality, size, taste characteristics of the berries, and disease resistance.

Raspberry propagation methods

Reproduction is carried out in various ways, each of them has its own distinctive characteristics.

Root suckers

The number of offspring in 5-year-old bushes varies and depends on the plant variety.

Necessary actions:

1. In summer, mainly in the middle, separate the shoots from the root of the main plant along with a lump of soil.
2. Plant in a nursery for adaptation or in a prepared place.
3. Pour water into the hole, install the seedling, and sprinkle with soil. In hot weather, they need to be shaded and provided with watering.

Root cuttings

Cuttings are a convenient way. Cuttings are prepared by digging up offspring. On the cuttings, cut the roots that have reached a thickness of 2 mm, without disturbing the lateral branches located on them. Afterwards, sort the cuttings, taking into account their diameter, tie them up, put them in containers, sprinkle them with peat, sawdust, sand, or use a mixture of them. After moistening the mixture, place the containers in the cold. Optimum temperature up to +4 ^OC. Stored until spring.

The area for planting must be prepared in the fall: dug up, cleared of weeds, fertilized with organic matter and complex fertilizers.

In spring you need:

• loosen the soil;
• level the surface;
• make shallow ditches (6-8 cm);
• lay the cuttings;
• sprinkle with soil;
• water, cover with film (to create a microclimate).

After green sprouts appear, remove the film and mulch the surface. Shoots should be protected from cold drafts and direct sun.

During the season, the soil must be kept loose and clean. Feed the sprouts as necessary. Pay attention to preventive measures to combat insects and raspberry diseases.

Green cuttings

Raspberry propagation by green cuttings is carried out by root suckers. They appear on the roots of the plant after the 2-3rd year of cultivation. Shoots need to be harvested in June (mainly in cloudy weather). Action plan:

• choose with 2-3 leaves;
• cuttings need to be cut at ground level or by deepening the pruning shears a few centimeters, capturing the white part;
• in a shaded area, cut the shoots into cuttings 5-7 cm long;
• make fagots;
• immerse in a special solution with a growth stimulator, leave for 15 hours;
• plant in a mixture with peat;
• cover with film;
• after 2 weeks the formation of roots will begin, and after a month the cuttings begin to grow;
• reduce watering, open the film periodically to ensure ventilation;
• The sprouts should be planted in a greenhouse or on a ridge, providing shade.

Dividing the bush

Growing in this way is rarely used. Division is used when forced to transplant raspberries to a new location. It is produced in the spring before the buds swell or in the autumn after growth stops. It is necessary to dig up the bush and divide it. Each sprout must have a complete root system. After planting, cut the shoots to a height of 0.3 m from ground level.

Lignified offspring

It is easier to propagate by lignified suckers, which arise from the buds on the roots of the plant. It is important to choose high-quality bush material. In early autumn, dig up lignified one-year-old shoots. It is important to try to maintain the maximum number of roots up to 0.15 m long. Inspect the offspring, remove damaged, diseased, black, insect-infested ones.

Propagation of raspberries by seeds

Plants propagated by seeds retain varietal characteristics and quality. The seed method is used by breeders to develop new varietal species.

To do this you need:

1. Collect seeds at the end of the season. Crush large ripe berries and add water. The good seed will settle, the bad seed will emerge.
2. Dry the seeds.
3. Sow after stratification. In December, place the seeds in a fabric bag and immerse them in damp sand or sawdust. Leave in cold conditions for 3 months.
4. At the beginning of spring, sow in the ground, lightly sprinkle, cover with film, and leave in a warm place. Entrances will appear at a temperature not lower than +20 ^OC. Moisten the soil periodically with a spray bottle.
5. The seedlings need to be hardened by periodically opening the film and exposed outside in warm weather.
6. When they reach 10 cm, plant the sprouts. Planting in the ground takes place after a year.

Scottish method of propagating raspberries

The method was developed in Scotland, hence the name. Excellent for growing remontant varieties. With this method, you can get a dozen seedlings from one cutting. One drawback: it takes longer; it will take 2.5 years before the first harvest appears.

Necessary:

1. In spring, mulch the bush. This is a quick way to form a large number of bud embryos on the roots.
2. In August or early autumn, take root cuttings.In winter, keep in the cellar, wrapped in damp moss.
3. In spring, place the cuttings in a warm place. Place in a container with peat or sand and water.
4. They will sprout quickly. After 5-8 days, real raspberry leaves will appear.
5. Using a sharp knife, cut off the green shoot from the root cuttings, including the lower end, which is slightly yellow (a small piece of the parent cutting). This is where the roots will appear. Cutting is done every 2-3 days.
6. Plant the seedlings in nutritious soil and keep them at a temperature not lower than +25 ^OWITH.
7. After 6-8 days, plant the rooted seedlings in separate containers. Caring for seedlings: watering, fertilizing, loosening, hardening.

Lateral layers or offspring

2-year-old raspberries provide excellent planting material. In spring, branches appear on the plant - layering, which are used for propagation of the plant:

• select a branch on the north side;
• Bend the shoot to the soil without cutting it off and bury it in a trench;
• the cuttings will take root and produce roots;
• In the fall, divide the cuttings into seedlings;
• drop it in the right place.

Caring for planted cuttings

It is necessary to plant rooted cuttings while maintaining a distance, 0.12-0.15 m will be enough. Requires daily watering and film covering. The first green shoots will appear in a month. The roots begin to grow and branch.

It is necessary to remove the film during the day to harden the sprouts, and cover it at night to protect the seedlings from the cold. The frequency of watering is gradually reduced. The soil should be moistened to a depth of 0.3 m. At the end of May, young seedlings are shortened by 0.1 m from above.

Periodically, the soil must be loosened to provide root aeration and prevent rotting. Transplant the rooted sprouts to a prepared place.Weeding is carried out to prevent disease. Adaptation of sprouts will be faster if the bed is mulched with manure, humus, and peat.

Growing raspberries at home is not difficult. It is important to follow all recommendations correctly.