Description of varieties and types of anemone, planting and care in open ground

Anemone (anemone) is a herbaceous perennial, a flower of the Ranunculaceae family. The genus includes about 170 wild and ornamental species. Agricultural technology for growing anemones in garden plots has general requirements and characteristic species differences. Growing and caring for anemones in open ground depends on the growing season and the structure of the root system of flowering plants.

Description and characteristics

A garden crop that pleases the eye with a variety of elegant flowers, both in spring and against the backdrop of fading nature, is very popular among gardeners.

Anemones have fleshy cylindrical or tuber roots. The height of the peduncles is from 5 to 120 centimeters. The leaves are palmate or divided. The seeds of all types of anemones are small and of various shapes. The roots, stems, and flowers of the plant are poisonous.

Flowers are:

• solitary and in inflorescences;
• terry and simple;
• small and large.

Petals (from 5 to 20 pieces) can have the following colors:

• white;
• blue;
• green;
• yellow;
• pink-red;
• purple;
• two-color.

According to the timing of flowering, spring varieties (ephemeroids) and autumn-summer varieties are distinguished. The advantages of ephemeroids are an elegant and varied configuration of colors. The color play of the petals is dominated by pastel tones.

Disadvantage of spring anemones: fast flowering. The awakening of anemones begins in April. In May, all the buds open. By the end of June the flowers dry up. Autumn varieties are tall, brightly colored. Flowering continues for up to 3-5 months, some with an intermittent cycle: in the summer season and autumn months.

Peculiarities

Despite the varietal and species diversity of anemones, when breeding flowers, compliance with mandatory conditions is required.

General principles of agricultural technology:

1. Mandatory watering in dry, hot weather.
2. Soil drainage from stagnation of groundwater.
3. Moderate hydration.
4. Good illumination without strong solar radiation.
5. Autumn fertilizing with complete mineral fertilizers before preparing for wintering.
6. Add humus to the soil before placing the anemones.
7. Feeding flowering anemones with organic fertilizer.
8. Mulching the soil to protect it from drying out and frost.

Plant propagation is possible by seeds, tubers, and root suckers.

Popular types and varieties

Among the decorative varieties, there are the most popular ones due to the combination of such qualities as unpretentiousness, flowering period, and original color.

Forest/oak forest

The wild anemone is an endangered species and is rarely found in natural conditions. It is grown in private plots. Belongs to ephemeroids, flowering time: April-May.

The variety grows in mid-latitudes and is not picky about soil and lighting. The bush rises to 20-30 centimeters. The diameter of simple flowers is 2-4 centimeters. The rhizome is branched and fragile. Petal color: white-lilac-blue-pink. Terry varieties have been bred.

Crowned anemone

Anemones of the autumn-summer flowering period have a powerful root system, the height of the stem is up to 80-100 centimeters. Up to a dozen single or semi-double flowers of different colors bloom on one peduncle. It has several dozen popular varieties. The most heat-loving and capricious to care for.

Japanese (autumn)

Japanese anemone is one of the Hubei varieties. Flowers bloom twice: in summer and autumn. The color of the petals varies from snow-white to purple, and the shape of the cup varies from simple to terry.

Popular varieties of Japanese anemone:

• Pamina - with large bright pink double flowers on a peduncle up to 80 centimeters, shade-loving;
• Hadspen Abundance - tall flower with cream-colored petals;
• Prince Henry - up to 85 centimeters high, with semi-double dark pink flowers.

The plant is used not only in landscape design, but also when arranging bouquets.

Tender (Blanda)

The plant grows from 5 to 10 centimeters in soils of moderate moisture, in a well-lit area, without direct sunlight.

The most popular varieties:

• Blue tint;
• Charming (pink);
• White splendor.

Low-growing plants are widely used to create colorful cover in garden plots.

Buttercup/Runcup

Plants are undemanding to soil and lighting. They grow well under the shelter of trees, houses, and bushes that protect from the sun and wind. The height of the bush is 20-25 centimeters. The flowers are simple or double, bright yellow, small in size. The root is elongated, with numerous shoots.

Hybrid

English variety. The result of crossing Japanese and grape anemones. The varieties of the resulting hybrid are tall, short, double, semi-double, and simple.

Popular varieties of autumn-summer anemones:

• Honorine Jobert - with white and pink flowers;
• Profusion - with semi-double burgundy flowers;
• Queen Charlotte - with pink semi-double petals.

Plants are not cold-hardy. When grown in central Russia, they require shelter.

Hubei

The variety is closely related to the Japanese anemone. Until 1910, the plant, growing wild in the Chinese province of Hubei, bore the official name Hubei anemone, and at the everyday level - Japanese anemone. The names of anemone varieties imply a double meaning: Japanese/Hubei.

Felt

Autumn anemone.Frost-resistant, unpretentious variety. Recommended for breeding in northern regions with short summers. On tall, strong peduncles, buds open in the second half of August until the end of September. In the lower part of the stem grow three-lobed, thick leaves, covered on the inside with light fluff (“felt”).

Popular varieties:

• Robustissima - with bright pink flowers on stems up to 120 centimeters;
• Albadura - with large, up to 6 centimeters in diameter, pale pink buds;
• Septembergloss - with pink flowers, peduncle height up to 120 centimeters, light-loving.

Group planting of felt anemone serves as a good decorative element along the banks of artificial and natural reservoirs.

Lieutenant General

Varietal affiliation – crown anemone.

Ground part of the plant:

• basal leaf rosette;
• from 3 to 20 stems, 10-40 centimeters high;
• 1 flower per stem.

Petal color:

• white;
• pink;
• red;
• spotted;
• bicolor.

Keeps flowering from June to October.

Canadian

Found growing wild. Does not require shelter at temperatures down to -15 degrees. To preserve its decorative properties, moderate watering and partial shade are required. The height of the stem is from 20 to 80 centimeters. The flowers are snow-white, solitary or in inflorescences, appearing from June to July.

Bridget

A variety of crown anemone. Heat-loving. It is grown constantly in the ground in the southern regions of Russia, in the rest it is necessary to store the tubers dug up. Blooms in May with large, bright buds; blooms until mid-July.

Admiral

Perennial of crown anemones, with double pink buds up to 8 centimeters in diameter.

Lesser

Hybrid of wood and polyfid anemone. The flowers are pink, the stem is up to 35 centimeters. Frost-resistant.

Crown De Caen mix

A perennial plant with a long stem and a well-developed root system. It blooms twice: in early August and late September. The flowers are simple, solitary, of various colors. There are up to 7-8 flowers on the peduncles.

Growing

Before you start cultivating anemones, you must:

• select a site;
• prepare the land;
• decide on planting material.

Flowers are planted with tubers, root shoots, and seeds. Seedlings are grown from them, which are then moved into the ground. Plants grown from seeds bloom in the 3rd year. The most convenient type of propagation is from tubers. Anemone roots are fragile and easily damaged when removed from the ground and when planting.

Landing dates

Preparation of seedlings begins at the end of April.

How to soak tubers

Several methods are used to remove tubers from dormancy:

1. Soak for 12 hours in warm water, then place for 30 minutes in a 0.04% fungicide solution.
2. Treat with heated water for 30 minutes:

• sprouted tubers at 40 degrees;
• dry - at 50 degrees.

3. Wrapping with fabric impregnated with growth stimulants, for example, Epin.

The latter method is recommended to avoid excessive waterlogging and rotting of the tubers.

Planting container and soil

For seedlings, pots and a substrate are prepared from sand, humus, and peat.

Landing

When planting tubers, it is advisable to determine the growth points. On swollen tubers, tubercles (buds) will be visible. You can plant a whole tuber or parts thereof. Each segment should have one or more buds.

The tuber or part of it is placed with the bud facing up. If it is impossible to determine the eye, the tubers or segment are placed on their side. Placement with the bud down will not produce germination. The depth of placement in the pot is 5 centimeters.

Seedling care

The soil layer in planting containers must be kept moist.

Temperature

Heating the room where the seedlings are located depends on the stage of its growth:

• +13…+14 – before germination;
• +3…+4 – until 2 leaves appear;
• +10…+13 – before planting in open ground.

Illumination

Flower seedlings should not be exposed to direct sunlight. Soft diffused light is sufficient to prevent sprouts from stretching.

Landing in open ground

The formed anemone bush is planted, with the onset of stable warm weather, in prepared soil.

Deadlines

The specific time for planting flowers depends on whether spring is early or late. This could be April or early May.

Selecting a location

The site for growing anemones must have the following characteristics:

• not sandwiched between other plants;
• sheltered from the wind;
• from direct solar radiation;
• without planting crops with strong roots in the upper layers of the soil;
• without trees with a dense crown.

To prevent stagnation of groundwater, a small hill with drained soil is optimal.

Soil preparation

The soil for flowers should have a loose structure and neutral acidity. Optimal composition: deciduous peat humus or loam. 2-3 months before planting flowers, the soil is dug up to the depth of a bayonet shovel and manure (6 kilograms per 1 square meter), potash (45 grams) and phosphorus fertilizers (60 grams) are applied.

After 2 weeks, the soil is mixed again and nitrogen fertilizers (45 grams) are added. The addition of sand, dolomite dust and wood ash improves aeration and reduces acidity. In low areas, with the possibility of water stagnation, the earth is raised by 20 centimeters. Soil preparation is completed a few days before planting the anemones.

Planting scheme

Anemone tubers are planted in a square-cluster method, 20 by 20. A planting hole is prepared for each nodule - up to 10 centimeters and 8 centimeters deep. Add an ash-humus mixture (200 grams) to the bottom. The tuber is laid, taking into account the position of the eye, sprinkled with earth and compacted a little.

Watering and mulching

After planting, moderate watering follows. With the appearance of buds and until the end of flowering, the volume of water increases. Plant hydration depends on the composition of the soil: the higher the aeration, the more watering, but not more than 30 liters per square meter. To protect the soil from drying out, use a layer of mulch.

Care

The main condition for the growth of anemone is maintaining soil moisture at the required level. If there is a lack of moisture during the budding period, the flowers will be small and formed in small quantities. Overwatering will cause the death of the plant. Fulfilling this requirement is not difficult if you adhere to certain rules.

Soil moisture control

Watering flowers is carried out early in the morning and at dusk, at sunset. In the first two months, the soil is moistened once a week. On summer days, anemones are watered depending on the amount of precipitation: in dry and hot weather - twice (morning and evening); during frequent rainfall – not required.

Top dressing

The need to apply fertilizer depends on the quality of the soil composition. Anemones do not require heavy feeding if fertilizer was added when preparing the site. In subsequent years, the flowers are supported with organic matter (diluted with rotted manure) during flowering, and in the fall with complex fertilizers.

Weeding and loosening

Regular removal of weeds and loosening is a mandatory procedure in caring for anemones. Deep loosening is excluded: to avoid damage to the roots.Pulling out weeds is done manually, destroying the soil crust no more than 1 centimeter thick.

Mulching

Covering the soil with mowed grass and straw, especially on hot days, will protect the root system of plants from drying out. The mulch layer should be up to 5 centimeters.

Features of planting and caring for Delicate anemone

Blanda is one of the most favorite anemone varieties. In order for tremulous flowers to decorate the garden plot, they adhere to the established order of planting and care.

Deadlines

Anemone can be planted in the spring, as soon as the snow melts, and in mid-autumn.

Tuber preparation

When planting in early spring, flower tubers are soaked for 2-3 hours in warm water. Then they are covered with sand and watered with a weak solution of manganese. After 2-3 days, growth buds appear, after which the tubers are moved into open ground, eyes up.

Planting scheme

30 anemone tubers are planted per 1 square meter according to the scheme: 20x15. Depth – 4 centimeters.

Growing from seeds

In anemone, the germination rate of fresh seeds does not exceed 25%, which is explained by the immaturity of the embryo of a perennial crop. To improve germination, stratification is used: long-term moistening at low temperatures in aerated soil. The created conditions ensure ripening and exit from physiological dormancy.

Flower seeds are mixed with peat or coarse sand in a ratio of 1 to 3, moistened and placed in a cool place. Constant humidity must be maintained. After the seeds swell, crushed peat is added to a ratio of 1 to 2, sprayed with water and kept at a temperature no higher than 5 degrees until the sprouts hatch.

The container with seedlings, in the absence of snow, is buried in the ground, in the presence of snow cover - in the snow. Cover with spruce branches and sawdust until spring. In March, the seeds are transplanted into pots for germination. Seedlings with 2 leaves are planted in open ground in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology for anemones.

Another method of stratification is to plant seeds in autumn boxes with loose soil and further bury them in the ground with thermal insulation. In the spring, the seed material is removed and planted in a box for further growth.

Reproduction

There are 4 ways to plant an anemone:

• seeds;
• tubers;
• dividing the rhizome;
• bush.

The choice depends on the variety, maturity of the plants, and region of growth.

Seminal

Flower seeds can be sown in open ground at the end of the growing season: October-November. In cold regions, seedlings are grown from seeds. Sowing is done at the end of January - in boxes filled with peat-sand substrate. The depth of embedding in the grooves is 1 centimeter.

The soil mixture is regularly moistened. The temperature before emergence is no higher than 13 degrees. With the sprouts pecking, it drops to 4 degrees. With the appearance of 2-3 leaves, the anemones dive, plant in separate pots and keep until planting in the ground at 10 degrees.

Vegetative

When breeding anemone from seeds, there is a risk of obtaining offspring with a limited number of maternal characteristics. Anemones with long rhizomes can be planted when the snow has completely melted, or in October. In the spring, the roots are dug up and kept for some time in heated water. The next procedure is dividing into pieces of 5 centimeters, with a peephole on each.

Parts of the root are placed horizontally in soft soil, to a depth of up to 5 centimeters, sprinkled with earth and moistened. The plant will reach full strength in 3 years. When propagating in autumn, parts of the root are not soaked; they are deepened into the soil up to 10 centimeters.

Plants that have reached 4-5 years old are planted by dividing the bush. The flower is dug out of the ground without removing the ground part. Divide the bush according to the number of stems and place it in prepared planting holes. Sprinkle with soil and moisten.

When dividing the tuber, 2-3 equal parts are obtained.

Features of care in winter

In regions where air temperatures can drop to 30 degrees or more, anemones should be dug out of the ground and prepared for storage until spring. With the onset of frost, the plants are removed from the soil and left to dry. Then the above-ground part and root ends are cut off from the tubers, protecting the growth buds.

The tubers are placed in a container with dry sand or peat, covered with a layer of 5-7 centimeters. Storage during the winter months - in a dark, dry room at temperatures up to +10 degrees. In the southern regions, during warm winters, anemones are left in their place of growth, covered with a 20-centimeter layer of fallen leaves and spruce branches.

Use in landscape design

Clearings of anemones, selected by variety, for flowering from April to October, serve as decoration for the garden plot. In landscape design, flowers are planted on alpine hills, next to low-growing shrubs, in the form of a flower bed on the lawn.

Answers on questions

Question: Is it possible to grow crown anemone in the Middle Urals without digging it up for the winter?

Answer: Yes, if you cover it carefully. But there is a high probability of the roots getting wet and rotting during early thaws.

Question: What if the fallen leaves used to cover the anemones serve as an overwintering place for garden pests?

Answer: In this case, you will have to either dig up the tubers or cover them with spruce branches.

Reviews

Karina, Rostov

“There are luxurious, amazing flowers, and anemones, especially spring ones, are lovely. It’s simply impossible to walk past them and not pay attention.”

Olga, Moscow

“I really love crown anemones. Indeed, these are princesses among flowers. Fragile, touching and beautiful."