An apple is not only a tasty and healthy fruit, but also a storehouse of useful elements. Vitamin C, iron, beneficial organic compounds - all this is present in them in huge quantities. That is why the apple tree is one of the most common fruit trees. Many varieties allow you to get delicious fruits in different regions. Today we will talk about the Izbrannitsa apple tree, one of the best creations of Russian selection.
Origin
The Izanninitsa variety was obtained in 1951.Domestic horticulture, recovering after the war, needed frost-resistant, productive varieties. The ancestors of the Chosen One were Belfier Kitayka and Antonovka.
A group of Soviet breeders working at the Moscow State University, consisting of: G.I. Limberg, V.V. Vartanetyan and S.I. Isaev, received a variety that is still popular today due to its yield and excellent taste characteristics of the fruit.
Description of the variety
The chosen one is an autumn-ripening variety; the apples are large – from 150 to 300 grams. The main, yellow-green, color of the fruit is complemented by a red filling, and the resulting tricolor color makes them bright and very noticeable against the background of green foliage.
Juicy, sweet and sour taste, fruits with slightly grainy, creamy flesh retain their taste under any type of processing (drying, cooking). The apples are round, slightly ribbed, with smooth skin.
The tree reaches 6-7 meters and is classified as medium-sized, with a rounded and rather sparse crown. It grows slowly in height, but produces numerous side shoots. Therefore, an apple tree of this variety needs systematic pruning.
The chosen one produces stable, good harvests; one apple tree can produce up to 85 kilograms of apples. According to the description and opinion of gardeners, the fruits do not become smaller with high yields. Young apple trees begin to actively bear fruit at the 6th year of growth.
Subspecies
You can grow the Chosen One on a dwarf rootstock or trunk of an apple tree.
Dwarf
Apple trees on a dwarf rootstock appeared relatively recently, but have already gained many supporters. Such trees have many advantages, but there are also disadvantages.
- The “dwarf” usually begins to bear fruit at the 3rd year of life; an adult Chosen apple tree will bear a full harvest in 6-7 years.
- There are as many fruits on a dwarf tree as on a large one.
- A dwarf apple tree is from 1.5 to 3 meters in height, which means that all work is much easier to do.
- A seedling needs up to 1.5 meters - trees in the garden are planted more often.
The disadvantages of low-growing trees include:
- They need additional supports; the tree cannot bear the weight of the fruit, the fragile branches break.
- They are more attractive to pests; the plantings have to be treated regularly.
- A dwarf apple tree lives shorter than a large varietal tree.
- The root system of dwarf trees is located close to the surface - for the winter you will have to additionally cover the roots with sawdust and covering material.
It is better to purchase dwarf trees in specialized nurseries; their price, compared to ordinary seedlings, is higher, and a not very experienced gardener can easily confuse young apple trees.
Early
Grafting to standard crops makes it possible to harvest early and improves the decorative properties of the apple tree - it becomes a decoration for the summer cottage. In this case, the fruits ripen by mid-August and are even larger in size - up to 330 grams. They get sick less and are less susceptible to pests.
A standard tree is up to 3 meters high, so caring for plantings is simplified - pruning and harvesting can be done without a high ladder. Standard trees of the Chosen One have become widespread in the Urals and Siberia. A standard is a straight tree trunk, from which the branches are completely cut off, then the crown is formed in the desired form, and a selected variety of apple tree is grafted onto it.More resistant species are usually used as a standard (for example, rose hips for roses).
Mountzen and Hibernal are used as standard formers for apple trees.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of the Izbrannitsa variety are the taste of the fruit, the ability to tolerate even harsh frosty winters, average resistance to scab disease and high yield.
Disadvantage: short shelf life of ripe apples (30-40 days). That is why the fruits of the Chosen One are more often processed.
Features of ripening and fruiting
The apple tree begins to bear fruit 6-7 years after planting. The first harvest is small, but then the number of apples increases every season.
To prevent the tree from losing its fertility, you should regularly trim the side branches, forming a crown and rejuvenating the apple tree. The apples are harvested at the end of August or in the first days of September. After 30 days of storage, apples quickly lose their presentation.
Diseases and pests
The chosen one is resistant to scab, all other diseases typical of fruit trees can also affect an apple tree of this variety. To prevent infection with powdery mildew and fruit rot, you need to regularly trim the tree, dig in, whitewash the trunk and remove fallen leaves. Spray with fungicides - according to the manufacturer's instructions, depending on the type of preparation, to protect against flower beetles, codling moths and leaf rollers.
Regions of distribution
This variety was bred for the Lower Volga region, but as winters became milder, The chosen one has taken root in the gardens of the Central region, and since 1999 it has been zoned for the Ural and Siberian regions. Therefore, today it grows everywhere in Russia and produces excellent yields.
There is no Russian garden without apple trees.By planting different varieties of fruit trees, the gardener will provide his family with apples from mid-summer to late autumn.
