Description of large-fruited cherry varieties, pollinators, cultivation and care

The berries of large-fruited cherries are quite useful for humans. They contain an important element called coumarin. It helps prevent the formation of blood clots and plaques. They also contain a lot of potassium, carotenoids and vitamins, which are no less important for the body. At the same time, cherries have very tasty fruits, and therefore every gardener strives to grow at least a few trees of this berry on his plot.

How the Krupnofrodnaya cherry variety originated

The fruits of the variety are quite large in size compared to other cherries. It was bred by Ukrainian breeders at the Horticulture Research Institute, whose names are M. T. Oratovsky and N. I. Turovtsev. Such a cherry was obtained after pollination of the Napoleon White variety with a combination of pollen from Elton Zhabule and Valery Chkalov.

The resulting variety inherited only its advantages: large berries with thin, dense skin, juicy pulp and sweet taste.

General information about the plant

One such cherry weighs on average 12-15 g, sometimes their weight reaches 18 g, which is a record for cherries.

The tree itself can grow 4-5 meters in height. Fruiting begins in the 4th year after planting. The berries of this cherry are dark red, the flesh is dark burgundy. The seed, like the berry itself, is quite large and easily separated from the pulp. One tree bears up to 60 kg of berries.

Advantages and disadvantages

Many advantages of this variety are simply obvious, and these are:

• a bountiful harvest every year;
• large fruits;
• frost resistance;
• drought resistance;
• good transport tolerance;
• can be grown in almost any soil;
• Irregular fertilizer is tolerated normally.

The only drawback that can be identified is the inability of the tree to bear fruit in the absence of pollination by pollen of other types of cherry trees..

Pollinator varieties

Experienced gardeners recommend planting other varieties of the crop in the area where large-fruited cherries are planted. This is necessary to dust this tree. Otherwise, it will bear fruit only by 5%.

Ideal neighbors for Large-fruited cherries would be the following varieties: Bugarro Oratovsky, Surprise, Daibera Chernaya or Francis.

How to grow crops correctly

In order to properly grow this variety and harvest a large harvest, you need to know what conditions the tree needs.

When to plant

The best time to plant cherries will be spring, when the soil has completely thawed and there is no threat of frost returning. But you shouldn’t delay this either, because seedlings usually have shortened roots, and at first they cannot supply themselves with enough moisture; the tree may die from its lack. These trees are not planted in autumn, since the thin shoots do not yet have winter hardiness.

Light and air conditions

Young cherries are susceptible not only to frost, but also to cold air. The seedling also needs a large amount of light. Based on this, gardeners plant seedlings on the south side of the site, where there is a lot of sun, light and no cold wind. At the same time, you should not plant cherries close to buildings.

Seedling preparation

In order to grow a healthy fruit-bearing tree, you must initially prepare the right seedlings. You can plant annual and biennial specimens, which are purchased at nurseries or garden stores. Preference should be given to a tree with a better developed root system. If you can see the grafting site, this is also a good sign.

12 hours before planting, seedlings are soaked in water. Then a special mash is made from clay, to which water and mullein are added. The roots are dipped into this mixture so that they do not lose moisture.

Location

The seedlings must be positioned so that the distance between the cherries is at least 3 meters. And between the rows there are at least 5 meters. The crowns and root system of trees must have enough space for full development.

Landing technology

Holes for planting are dug in such a way that they are twice as wide and deep as the root system of the seedling.

Next, combine 2 buckets of humus with soil, superphosphate (400 g) and sulfate (100 g). Pour the mixture into the hole. A layer of soil is poured over the fertilizer, since the roots should not come into contact with it.

At the bottom of the hole you should make a small protrusion from the soil and drive a peg into it. A seedling will be tied to it. The roots of the seedling are straightened and placed on a hillock, covered with earth and compacted. Tied to a peg.

A roller is made around the tree, forming a hole into which you need to pour 2 buckets of water. The soil around the seedling is mulched. Peat or sawdust or, in extreme cases, dry soil are suitable for this.

Important! After planting cherries, the large-fruited root collar should be visible above the ground level. Otherwise, the tree will grow slowly and not bear fruit for a long time.

Recommendations for caring for cherries

Although this cherry is unpretentious, it still needs some care. The main actions are: watering, pruning and treatment against pests and diseases.

Watering and fertilizing

It is better to water young cherries once a week. You need to irrigate with a sufficiently large volume of water so that it can wet the ground by 30-40 cm, since the bulk of the active roots are located at this level.

Watering should be carried out during periods of intensive growth, during the filling of berries, during droughts and before winter, before the onset of cold weather. And when the cherries are already ripe, there is no need to irrigate the tree. This may lead to cracking of the fruit.

Also, large-fruited cherry trees are not watered in the second half of summer, this reduces winter hardiness and slows down the growth of shoots.But pre-winter moisture is important for better overwintering, although they are often forgotten about.

The fertilizers applied during planting will last the cherries for 3 years. But no nitrogen fertilizer was applied during planting. In this regard, in the second year, a groove is made around the tree, going 10 cm deep, and urea (120 g) is poured into it, filled with water and covered with soil. A year later, the same procedure is carried out.

Pruning and shaping the tree crown

Pruning young branches of large-fruited cherries carried out in the same way as on other fruit trees. They are cut by ¼ or half, this improves the quality of the fruits of the future harvest. The procedure is carried out in April-May.

There is no need to form a crown, since this process occurs independently. You just need to make sure that the growth of the branches is uniform, and if necessary, cut off the “leader”.

Additional crown formation may be necessary if the tree has been damaged in some way and its main conductor has been damaged. At the same time, he immediately has “competitors”. If you allow them to develop further, this risks breaking the branches from the weight of the harvest in adulthood.

Among the competing branches, choose the one that grows evenly and is the strongest. The sections are treated with copper sulfate.

Protecting cherries from frost

In the autumn, after all the leaves have fallen, the cherries are well watered, the trunks and forks are whitened. Whitewashing saves the tree bark from freezing in winter.

Another measure that will not only help Large-fruited cherries during the winter, but will also save them from rodents. To do this, you just need to trample the snow around the tree. This will create a dense crust that will prevent the root system from freezing, and rodents will not be able to make holes in the snow.

Pest and disease control

With timely implementation of preventive measures, large-fruited cherries almost do not suffer from diseases and parasites. Their description and necessary actions are below:

Harvest and storage

Large-fruited cherry is a late variety. The berries ripen in the second half of July. Fruit ripening does not occur simultaneously, so harvesting is carried out 2-3 times.

After picking, cherries can be stored for 2 weeks, provided that the temperature is from 0 to +2 ° C and the humidity is 90%.

Large-fruited cherries clearly outperform their peers. When choosing which variety of crop to plant on their plot, many gardeners give preference to it, because it demonstrates high productivity in the form of large, tasty berries every year.