Description and characteristics of the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry variety, cultivation

Rossoshanskaya cherry is divided into golden, large and black. Golden has a bright yellow color and a pleasant sweet taste. This variety is resistant to low temperatures and drought. It produces a lot of yield, has a low size and a pyramidal crown. The plant is unpretentious in care, but requires preventive measures to combat pests.

History of breeding of Rossoshanskaya golden cherry

The Rossoshanskaya cherry variety was bred in Voronezh at the Rossoshanskaya experimental station. Work on the fruit crop was carried out by A. Ya. Vorochikhina. At the moment it is not included in the State Register, but it used to be. It is grown by many gardeners.

Advantages and disadvantages: is it worth planting on the site?

Rossoshanskaya golden cherry has the following advantages:

• High yield.
• High resistance to drought.
• Frost resistance.
• Good quality fruit.
• Low growth, making it easy to harvest.

The disadvantages include:

• The need for a pollinating neighbor.
• Susceptibility to diseases and pests.
• Undesirable proximity to some cultures.

Varieties of crops

Rossoshanskaya cherries are divided into three subspecies: large, black, golden.

Large

It has large berries, each weighing 6.7 grams, dark burgundy in color. The shape is round, slightly flattened on the sides. The tree is low, with a lush crown. During the flowering period it forms large lush white flowers. It takes root in the North Caucasus region.

Black

A tree with a maximum height of 3 m. Lush crown, tightly adjacent leaves, especially on young branches. The color of the berries is almost black, with a red tint. The berries are round in shape, medium, and taste sweet. They are distinguished by good transportability due to their thick skin.

Golden

The tree is not tall, making it easy to harvest. The berries are large and golden in color. If the trees are well lit, they will produce berries with a pink tint. Cherry blossoms bloom with lush white flowers.

Brief description of the variety

The cherry tree reaches a height of 3 meters, the crown grows in the form of a pyramid, the foliage is not very dense. The fruits are large, about 50 berries are tied on one branch. The leaves are elongated, lanceolate, green or dark green. The berries are yellow or yellow with a pink tint, large. They have a sweet taste and thick skin.

Crown height and branching

The maximum height of the tree is 3 meters. Due to this size, the fruits are easy to pick. The crown is spreading in the form of a pyramid. It forms large, long branches towards the bottom of the tree, and shorter ones towards the top.

Pollinator varieties, flowering and fruiting

The Rossoshanskaya golden cherry is self-sterile. To set buds, she needs pollinating neighbors. The flowering periods of these plants must coincide. The following types are suitable:

• Miracle Cherry;
• Night;
• Leningrad cherry;
• Check mark;
• Ovstuzhenka.

In the 4-5th year of the vegetative period, cherries begin to bear fruit. The lifespan of the variety is 25 years. Ovaries that form before this period will not bear fruit.

The tree begins to bloom early - in mid-April. When night frosts occur at this time, the yield is reduced. Lush, large, white flowers are formed. Each flower consists of 5 petals; they form dense inflorescences of 10-15 pieces. The fruiting period is average, the berries ripen by mid-June or early July. They have dense cuttings, which reduces berry drop.

Important! If a pollinator does not grow next to the Rossoshan cherry tree, then the tree will not be able to set fruit after flowering.

Transportability and scope of application of berries

Thanks to their durable peel, the berries tolerate travel and storage well. They are consumed fresh. Used for making compotes, preserves, jams, freezing. This variety is grown for sale in large quantities to the market.

Characteristics

Cherry has good characteristics for planting in open ground. It easily copes with low temperatures and drought, but its immunity is not the most durable.

Resistance to sub-zero temperatures and drought

This cherry variety easily tolerates low temperatures and drought. The tree has a powerful root system, which allows it to obtain water from deep layers of the soil. Does well in dry climates.

What diseases and pests are dangerous for the variety?

The plant is susceptible to attack by harmful insects and diseases. The most common diseases are:

• Moniliosis.
• Coccomycosis.
• Fungal diseases.

The most common insects are:

• Black aphid.
• Cherry fly.
• Leaf rollers.

Landing Features

The transfer of the tree to open ground should be carried out according to the deadlines, to a suitable place. It is important to respect the proximity of cherries; not all plants are suitable for this.

Recommended timing

The tree tolerates low temperatures well, so it is better to plant it for the winter. The favorable period for this is the end of September - beginning of October. Planting is also carried out in spring. To do this, you need to select a seedling before bud formation begins. It is important that all processes of the vegetative period occur after planting, this will strengthen the plant.

Choosing a suitable location

Choose a place for cherries that is well-lit, with minimal risk of flooding the tree, and without drafts. The tree is unpretentious to soil fertility, the main thing is that it is light and well aerated.There should be no other trees closer than 6 meters near the plant. This reduces cherry yields.

Suitable and prohibited neighbors of cherries

Suitable for proximity to cherries are:

• pear;
• apricot;
• other types of cherries;
• peach;
• gooseberry;
• raspberries;
• currant;
• grape.

The tree does not grow well next to plum, apple and cherry trees; you should not plant them next to each other.

Seedling preparation

Seedlings are bought at garden markets. Most often they can be found in the autumn. It is better to choose trees without grafting, with good dense branches. There should be no damage, cracks or scratches on the shoots. It is important to pay attention to the roots so that they do not rot. In the fall, they buy seedlings with fallen leaves, and in the spring with not yet swollen buds.

Important! One-year-old trees take root better than two- and three-year-old trees.

Disembarkation algorithm

Pre-prepare the soil. If it is clayey and heavy, it is mixed with sand. In the acidic environment of the earth, the plant does not take root well, so dolomite flour is added to the soil. Planting is carried out as follows:

• Dig a hole 60 cm deep and 80 cm in diameter.
• A wooden stake is driven into it, which in the future is tied to the seedling to protect it from strong winds.
• Part of the excavated soil is mixed with humus, potassium mineral fertilizers and superphosphate are added.
• The roots of the seedling are straightened, damaged areas are cut off.
• Placed in a hole.
• Sprinkle the top with soil mixed with fertilizers.
• Sprinkle with soil in layers, after which each of them is compacted so that there is no space left with air.
• Pour 10 liters of water into the hole.

Important! The roots are sprinkled with half of the soil dug out of the hole, so that there is a depression around the trunk.

Proper crop care

In order for a crop to grow properly, develop well and produce a lot of harvest, it is necessary to follow the rules of caring for it. With improper care, the yield of cherries is reduced.

Watering and loosening the soil

The plant does not really like high moisture. Cherries are watered every 2-3 weeks with water in a volume of 10 liters. When drought occurs, watering is increased to once a week. To determine whether the tree has enough moisture, you need to check the soil near the tree trunk. If it is dry, then there is little moisture, if it is wet, there is enough. The plant does not tolerate waterlogging of the soil.

Loosening of the soil is carried out after each watering and rain. At least once a week, as the tree loves airy soils.

Fertilizing

In the spring, fertilizing is carried out with nitrogenous fertilizers, in the middle of summer - with complex compounds, and before wintering - with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. To strengthen frost resistance, they are fertilized with complexes containing sodium.

Trimming

In the first year after planting, cherries must be pruned. After transferring to the ground, the central conductor is cut off. This is done to form a lush crown and reduce plant growth. After new shoots sprout, they are pruned again. Until a three-tiered crown is formed. More mature trees are pruned every year, dry branches and dense areas are thinned out to make it easier for the fruit to stay on the branch.

Diseases and pests: control methods and prevention

Sweet cherries require regular treatment against pests and diseases.. If it was not possible to prevent the disease, then you need to get rid of it as quickly as possible. If this is not done, the plant will not bear fruit, and in the worst case scenario, it will die.

The most common diseases affecting trees:

• Moniliosis.The shoots begin to dry out, leaves fall off, and rot forms inside the branches. The only way to combat this problem is by cutting off the branches. Garden varnish is applied at the cut site. For prevention, the cherry bark is coated with whitewash every year.
• Coccomycosis. Dark red spots form on the foliage. The leaves gradually turn yellow and fall off. Treatment for this disease is carried out during the period of bud formation and flowering. Use Bordeaux solution.
• Fungal formations. They appear on the bark of a tree and are yellow, gray, blue, and black in color. When growths form, they are cut out and the area is treated with garden varnish. Pieces of growths are burned outside the garden.

Cherries are also attacked by harmful insects that feed on its leaves and fruits. Main insect pests:

• Black aphid. They are located on the bottom of the sheet in the form of a black film. They eat the leaves, which gradually turn yellow and fall off. Insecticides are used to combat them. To avoid attack, it is recommended to spray during the period of bud formation.
• Cherry fly. The most dangerous enemy of cherries. These flies lay larvae on tree branches that actively feed on fruits. It's quite difficult to fight them. Set traps on trees, painted bright yellow. After it has worked, the insects are destroyed. At the same time, the leaves of the tree are treated with Confidor solution.
• Leaf rollers. They feed on the leaves of the plant. After which the leaves turn yellow, fall off, and the quality of the fruit deteriorates. To combat them, the tree is sprayed with a chloroform solution. For prevention, the procedure is carried out twice, in preparation for winter and during the period of bud formation.

Shelter from frost

The tree has good frost resistance.However, it is recommended to cover young trees with completely warm fabrics for the winter. Their frost resistance appears only in the 3rd year of the growing season. For mature trees, moss is placed around the trunk during the winter to ensure their safety.

Important! Synthetic fabrics are not suitable for covering for the winter.

Reviews

Oksana, 45 years old, Moscow: “I have long wanted to try growing the Rossoshanskaya Golden Cherry variety. This year I bought a seedling with a pollinator. My soil is clayey, so I mixed it with sand. Planting was carried out in the spring. By mid-summer the first buds appeared. The pruning was carried out up to the third tier. The tree grows quite quickly, by the end of the season the height has increased by almost a meter.”

Alexander, 59 years old, Chekhov: “I planted Rossoshan golden cherries 8 years ago. I bought it at the market. I planted it for the winter and it took root well. It produces a lot of fruits, they are sweet, juicy and large. Planted a tree next to a pollinator. In the fourth year of life it began to bear fruit. Every spring I treat for pests, and I haven’t been sick with anything yet. We have good dry soils, we don’t worry about watering. Once I didn’t irrigate for a month, but it still gave a good harvest.”