Characteristics and description of the Yantarnaya cherry variety, planting and care rules

Amber cherry is one of the most popular yellow-fruited varieties. This large-sized tree is distinguished by its pronounced amber-yellow color and excellent taste characteristics. It is also chosen for its high degree of resistance to major diseases and pests, and its undemanding nature in terms of growing conditions. To grow a fruit-bearing planting, you need to familiarize yourself in detail with all the intricacies of the planting and care process.

History of selection and breeding of the Yantarnaya cherry

At the end of the last century, Ukrainian scientists created a yellow-fruited cherry variety, where the parent pair were Gaucher black and Drogana yellow. Work on developing a new culture was carried out at the Grishko Research Institute. But then in Russia scientists decided to improve its quality. And already in 2001, Oryol Amber was included in the State Register.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the positive qualities of Amber cherries, the following are noted:

• high level of frost resistance;
• resistance to monilial burn;
• excellent consumer and product qualities;
• early ripeness of fruits;
• no tendency to crack;
• highly productive.

But, despite the whole list of advantages, Amber cherries also have their disadvantages, including:

• the need for additional pollination;
• high probability of fruit buds freezing.

Amber cherry is especially famous among gardening enthusiasts; it is also valued for its decorative properties..

Description of the variety

In order for a fruit crop to bear fruit abundantly, you need to know the basic parameters and characteristics.

Height of an adult tree and branching of the crown

Amber cherry belongs to the category of medium-sized plantings, its height does not exceed 3-4 meters. The crown is quite spreading, drooping, with medium foliage.The shape of the cherry is Amber, wide-pyramidal, the length of the main shoots is medium, there is no pubescence, the color is yellow. The color of the bark of the main conductor and side branches is gray, the surface is smooth.

The leaf apparatus of the Amber cherry is distinguished by a light emerald hue, the plates have an oval shape. The petioles are short, their length is up to 5 centimeters. The formation of ovaries occurs mainly on bouquet branches. White flowers are formed of medium size, the number of petals is five.

Upon reaching consumer maturity, the color of the fruit becomes amber, sometimes with a pink tint. Their shape is similar to a heart with a pointed upper part, the average weight is 5-6 grams. Yantarnaya cherries begin to bear fruit 4 years after planting in a permanent place. Not only the skin, but also the pulp has an amber tint, it is sweet with a pronounced aroma, the sourness is not noticeable.

The sugar content of Yantarnaya cherries is almost 10%, and the acidity is 0.5%.

All about pollination, flowering and yield

Since the Yantarnaya cherry belongs to self-fertile plants, to increase performance indicators it is recommended to plant pollinating varieties such as Vityaz, Ovstuzhenka, Severnaya, and Iput nearby. The flowering phase of this variety occurs in the second half of May, and the fruit ripening phase occurs in late June and early July. Under favorable growing conditions, the yield of Yantarnaya cherries is, on average, 35-37 kilograms per planting.

Transportability and use of berries

The fruits of the Amber cherry, when consumed regularly, are a good preventive measure for various ailments, and also help normalize digestion and improve blood composition. Their juice is clear, the pulp is tender and tasty.The harvest is actively used for preparing winter preparations and culinary masterpieces. Amber cherries are not suitable for transportation over long distances.

How to propagate the variety

To get a new plant, gardeners use one of the following methods:

1. Grafting method. In this case, cuttings with two buds are used, which are harvested in the fall, and a rootstock - shoots, seedlings. Copulation should be done 1-2 weeks before sap flow, making oblique cuts up to 5 centimeters on both the rootstock and cuttings. In addition, you need to make an additional cut (up to 1 centimeter). After joining the two components, the junction is wrapped with tape or adhesive tape.
2. Cuttings. The length of the Yantarnaya cherry blanks should be 30 centimeters; their cut parts are kept in a solution of a growth stimulator for 12 hours, and then placed in greenhouse conditions, buried 3 centimeters. The distance between the cuttings should be 5 centimeters; a soil mixture is used from equal parts of peat and sand. Caring for them consists of regularly moistening the soil and maintaining the temperature within 25-30 degrees. The formation of roots in the Amber cherry will occur after 3 weeks.
3. Seed method. It is more labor-intensive, but quite possible.

Characteristics of culture

Amber cherries have their own varietal qualities, knowledge of which allows you to successfully grow them and obtain abundant harvests.

Drought and frost resistance

The variety has a high level of tolerance to sub-zero temperatures and prolonged drought. Cherry Yantarnaya is not afraid of frosts down to 30 degrees. But it is better to additionally cover the Amber cherry for the winter; the root system must be protected with snow.Irrigation activities should be carried out once a month; if the season is dry, then they are carried out once a week.

Susceptibility to diseases and pests

The Yantarnaya variety of cherry has increased immunity to rust and coccomycosis, but is powerless against the infection of cylindrosporiosis, a fungal disease. The infection process is carried out with the help of gusts of wind; the entire above-ground part of the tree suffers from the disease. The disease can be detected on Yantarnaya cherries by the holes in the leaves where the spots were originally.

Of the parasitic individuals, the Amber cherry fly especially attacks the cherry, against which surface treatments need to be done. They also interfere with the growth and development of the tree, damaging the bark, weevils, small aphids, butterflies, and sawflies.

How to plant Yantarnaya on the site

In order for seedlings to take root faster and adapt to new conditions, you need to know how to plant and care for them correctly.

Choosing a healthy and strong seedling

It is recommended to purchase planting material from nurseries or at exhibitions. They should not contain signs of disease, traces of rot, or various types of damage. It is better to plant a plant with one central trunk and a healthy root system. Their age should be 1-2 years. The dried roots are kept in a container with water for three hours.

Recommended timing and planting pattern

When grown in regions with a warm climate, planting should be done in the fall, when the leaves have fallen from the trees. But for Central Russia, the best period is spring.To plant Yantarnaya cherries, choose clearings that are well-lit and protected from draft winds, where the depth of groundwater should be from 1.5 to 2 meters. The distance between plantings should be 4-5 meters.

Pit preparation and planting technology

The landing site should be prepared in advance, 2-3 weeks in advance. The soil mixture for filling the pit consists of two buckets of extracted soil, 500 grams of wood ash and 180 grams of superphosphate. Alternatively, you can use a special complex fertilizer. The technology for planting a Yantarnaya cherry seedling in a permanent place involves performing the following actions:

1. Digging a pit 90-100 centimeters deep and 80 centimeters wide.
2. Laying on the bottom a drainage cushion made of expanded clay, broken brick, small crushed stone (layer thickness - 7-10 centimeters).
3. Filling the hole with a nutrient composition (layer thickness - 10-15 centimeters).
4. Installing a wooden peg closer to the center of the hole to secure the seedling.
5. Placing a young plant and spreading its roots on different sides.
6. Backfilling and compacting soil.
7. Abundant watering and mulching.

Caring for young and mature trees

Caring for Yantarnaya cherries is not difficult; basically, the whole range of measures includes: irrigating the plantings, loosening, removing weeds, applying fertilizer mixtures, and pruning.

Feeding and watering

In total, during the entire summer season, the tree is moistened three times, only during periods of prolonged drought these procedures are performed more often. Considering that a sufficient amount of nutrition was added to the soil during planting, it is worth starting to add nutrients only in the fourth year after planting the seedling.Only nitrogen-containing preparations will not interfere with Yantarnaya cherries even 2 years after being assigned to a permanent place. Fertilizers with potassium and phosphorus are needed in July, and organic matter is used at the end of summer.

Tree trunk care: weeding and loosening

Weeds not only take away nutrients, they also absorb moisture, depriving cultivated plants of vital components. Therefore, it is recommended to periodically weed the tree trunk circle. Thanks to loosening, the possibility of oxygen starvation of the roots of the Yantarnaya cherry is eliminated.

Crown formation and anti-aging pruning

To avoid thickening of the crown, pruning is carried out, the main thing is to do it before the sap begins to flow. In March, it is necessary to inspect the tree and remove all ineffective branches, and treat the wound surface with garden varnish for speedy healing.

Treatment against insects and diseases

For preventive spraying, it is recommended to use a urea-based working solution (700 grams per 10 liters). The first procedure is done in early spring, and the second in autumn.

Preparing for winter

For mature plantings, abundant watering is carried out at the rate of 8-10 liters of water per planting. The trunk is spudded, and humus is added to the circle around the trunk; the layer thickness should be 10 centimeters. The trunk is protected against pests with a net or a piece of roofing material. And young plants are covered first with agrofibre and then with spruce branches.

Reviews from summer residents about Yantarnaya

Cherries are popular among gardening enthusiasts. She has proven herself exclusively on the positive side.

Anna, 56 years old, Saratov:

“Yantarnaya pleased me with its unusual and tasty fruits. Taking care of her is a pleasure.The frost resistance of the variety is quite sufficient for our climate.”

Andrey, 45 years old, Moscow:

“There are no disappointments with the variety, I am very glad that I purchased it and have already managed to enjoy the fruits. For cherries, the main thing is to choose a suitable place and care for them correctly.”