Pesticides used in agriculture belong to different classes of chemicals. Let's consider the physicochemical properties of COCs - organochlorine compounds, their effect on pests, what products they contain, how to use according to the instructions, how to work according to precautions. Compatibility, terms and conditions of storage, analogues of substances.
Physicochemical characteristics
COSs have excellent chemical resistance to negative environmental factors (temperature, ultraviolet radiation, humidity).Chlorine compounds led in production volume and extensive use in agriculture until the 1980s. The main drugs were DDT and HCH, but after some time, due to long-term use, they became sources of environmental pollution with residual compounds.
Organochlorine compounds are poorly soluble in water and soluble in organic substances, including fats. Some substances are volatile.
Effect on harmful organisms
Once in insects and organisms, organochlorines are converted into other substances according to 3 schemes:
- slightly toxic products are formed;
- as a result, epoxides and other toxic metabolites are formed;
- hydrolyzes to water-soluble compounds that are easily excreted from the body.
The properties and selectivity of the substances depend on how the transformation of COCs occurs.
Organochlorine pesticides are predominantly of contact action; the breadth of the spectrum of exposure and the duration of the protective effect are noted. The active substances of COS act on the central nervous system of pests and interfere with the normal passage of nerve signals. Insects die from overexcitation and subsequent paralysis; the death process is not quick and can last up to a week.
With prolonged or systematic use of chemical pesticides, insects become resistant to the chemicals, and generations immune to them appear.
What drugs does it contain?
Hexachlorane is a strong contact, systemic, intestinal toxin and fumigant. Preparations containing it are used to control pests of vegetables, industrial and fruit crops.
DDT was previously used, including in combination with other active compounds, in agriculture - for effective control of insect pests, including those living in stocks, and for the destruction of vectors of pathogens. Available in the form of 5.5% and 10% dust, 30% and 50% powder, 20% concentrated oil emulsion, 50% paste emulsion and smoke bombs.
Instructions for use
Organochlorines were previously the leader among pesticides; the drugs were used as insecticidal, acaricidal and fungicidal agents with a powerful and guaranteed effect. The preparations were used on grains and legumes, vegetables and industrial crops, on fruit and vineyards, and in forest plantations. HOS were also used for veterinary and medical treatment of animals and premises against zooparasites. Due to its toxicity, DDT is banned for use as a pesticide.
Precautionary measures
COS drugs are highly toxic to people, animals, insects, and accumulate in groundwater and fruits. People in special clothing must work with the products; they must wear a thick respirator with a filter or a gas mask.
After working with COS, you need to take off your clothes and wash your hands and face, rinse off the solution if you accidentally get it on your skin, eyes or mouth. If symptoms of poisoning are detected, you need to rinse, if this does not help and the condition only gets worse, you should consult a doctor.
What is compatible with?
It is recommended to use COS preparations on their own, without mixing them with pesticides.They are active on their own and have a pronounced effect, so they do not need to enhance the effect with any drug. If it is necessary to use the product, then it must be treated some time after applying the organochlorine.
Storage conditions and periods
In order for HOCs to remain stable, they must be stored correctly. Drugs may decompose during long-term storage. This occurs under the influence of ultraviolet radiation and heat. And also in contact with metals, oxygen, moisture, acids and metal salts. Therefore, it is important to store chemical pesticides under stable conditions, in specially designed warehouses for pesticides and fertilizers. Food, medicine, animal feed, and household products should not be stored near these substances. It is important that animals and children are not exposed to pesticides that may be toxic to them.
Analogues of the product
Analogues of HCH (hexachlorane): Lindatox, Lindaram, Gamatox, Agrisert, VNS, Lindane. Analogs of DDT: “Methoxychlor”, “DDD”, “Pertan”, “DFDT”.
Organochlorines have long established themselves as a complex of useful and effective preparations for pest control for use in agriculture. It has a multi-directional effect and can destroy grass, insects and mites on many types of cultivated plants. It has a quick, powerful effect and a long-lasting effect. HOS products were used not only in fields and gardens, but also to treat animals infected with parasites and to clean rooms from insects.
Despite their effectiveness, COCs are also highly toxic, unsafe for living organisms, and can be found in plants, soil, and especially water. Because of this, in many countries their use is limited or completely prohibited.When working with chemical substances, you must adhere to strict safety rules, work only in protective clothing and special equipment.
