Description and characteristics of the Bashkir Beauty apple tree, advantages and disadvantages

Bashkir beauty is a universal apple tree variety with early autumn ripening. It does not require special care. Grows in many regions. The apple tree tolerates low winter temperatures well. The yield is good, with a properly selected pollinator, annual. The fruits are consumed fresh, used for canning and drying. Apples make the best juice with pulp.

How the Bashkir beauty was bred

An ancient variety of folk selection, Bashkir handsome, was named so at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the variety was described at the Bashkir Institute of Agriculture, located in the Bashkir village of Kushnarenkovo. The original name of the variety is unknown and was lost a century earlier. In Bashkiria, this variety occupies a quarter of the area of ​​all apple orchards.

Advantages and disadvantages

This variety has advantages over other types, but it is not without its disadvantages. Although there are far fewer disadvantages than advantages.

Main advantages:

1. The tree is resistant to sub-zero temperatures.
2. Quick recovery after frozen branches.
3. Not demanding on soil composition and place of growth.
4. Fruits with a pleasant taste.
5. It has good transportability.

Disadvantages include:

1. Not precocious.
2. If the soil moisture content is low, the fruits fall off.
3. Requirement for a pollinator.
4. Weak immunity to diseases.

External characteristics of the tree

Among apple trees, the Bashkir Beauty variety is recognized by many by its abundant, whitish color, fluffy apical shoots.

Trunk height

The variety is considered medium-sized. The tree grows up to six meters.

Crown size

The young apple tree has a rounded crown. Over time, it becomes pyramidal, with medium density. The branches are located at right angles.

Root system

An adult tree has powerful roots that go four meters deep into the ground.

Technical description

Let us describe the features of the Bashkir Beauty apple tree that gardeners should know about.

Resistance to low temperatures and diseases

This variety tolerates sub-zero temperatures and summer temperature changes well. The apple tree is moderately resistant to diseases that affect the tree. Needs preventive spraying.

In which regions is it recommended to grow?

The apple tree is grown in Bashkiria, Tatarstan, the Mari El Republic, Samara and Orenburg regions. With special care, they are grown in the Moscow region, the Urals, and in the central and northern parts of Russia.

Reproduction methods

Main methods of reproduction:

• cuttings;
• root suckers;
• burying a broken branch.

Apple tree productivity

The Bashkir beauty is in demand among gardeners because of its high yields, good appearance, preservation of the integrity of the fruit during transportation, and long-term storage.

When to expect the first harvest from an apple tree

The harvest is harvested for the first time three years after the seedling takes root. The fruits are collected annually. The harvest amount reaches seventy kilograms from each tree.

Pollinator varieties

Bashkir beauty is not a self-pollinating variety. Therefore, an apple tree of the Antonovka variety or Seyanets Titovki is planted nearby.

Flowering and ripening of apples

The apple tree begins to bloom in mid-spring. The flowers are large, pale pink, very fragrant. Fruits ripen at the end of the summer season and the beginning of autumn.

Harvest and storage

The onset of consumer maturity occurs a week after the fruit is removed from the tree.

The fruits are stored for quite a long time - five months. They do not lose their taste or appearance.

Taste qualities

The apple is sweet, with slight sourness and a light aroma. The texture of the pulp is dense and quite juicy.

Planting apple tree seedlings

The rooting process of a seedling depends on the correct planting and subsequent care.

Best time to plant

The right time to plant a tree is early spring. In the fall, the tree will not have time to take root and, most likely, will not survive winter frosts.

Optimal location and soil composition

The apple tree does not tolerate gusts of cold wind, so the place where the seedlings are planted is protected from wind and drafts. Chernozem is the ideal soil for growing Bashkir beauty.

Technological process of planting

Consists of the following stages:

1. For the seedling, prepare a hole sixty centimeters deep and seventy centimeters wide.
2. Mix part of the excavated soil with 70 grams of superphosphate and 55 grams of potassium sulfate. Fill the bottom of the hole with the resulting mixture.
3. Place a seedling in the middle of the hole, straighten the roots, and cover with soil. The root collar is located five centimeters above the ground.
4. Water the tree well with water at room temperature.

Features of seasonal care

To harvest a high-quality harvest, it is necessary to provide this variety with proper care.

Soil care

The most important component of soil care is watering. If moisture is supplied irregularly, this will subsequently affect the quality of the crop.

Loosening

In order for air to flow to the roots of the apple tree, you need to loosen the soil around the trunk. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the root system. The depth of loosening should not exceed ten centimeters.

Fertilizer application

It is necessary to fertilize the apple tree several times a year.In the spring, urea is used as a top dressing, dissolving 2 tablespoons in a bucket of water. In summer, the tree needs complex fertilizer. The last time you need to add it is in the fall - with potassium-phosphorus fertilizer.

Prevention from diseases and pests

In early spring, it is necessary to carry out preventive spraying of the tree with fungicides. This will help avoid infecting the apple tree with various diseases.

A dangerous pest is the codling moth. You can fight or prevent the appearance of caterpillars using the following drugs:

• Calypso;
• On the spot;
• Fastak.

Trimming

The crown is formed in the third year from the moment of planting. The gardener's task is to create the desired shape from five main branches growing at a distance of thirty centimeters from each other. Afterwards, pruning is carried out every year, removing dried, thin branches.

Preparing for winter

Before preparing a tree for winter, it must be watered abundantly. This should be done after harvesting. Clear the soil around the tree of leaves, twigs, and dry grass. Apply mineral fertilizer. After the temperature drops to minus ten, wrap the trunk of the apple tree with suitable material for insulation and protection from rodents.

Subspecies of culture

Thanks to selection, two subspecies of the Bashkir Beauty variety appeared. Summer apple tree with early and late ripening.

Summer

The apple tree is low-growing, widely branched. After replanting to a permanent place of growth, it begins to bear fruit after two years. Fruit picking takes place at the end of summer. Apples are sweet and sour, with an unobtrusive aroma. The quality of the fruit depends on the care.

Late

The apple tree is medium-sized, with a slightly thickened crown, and needs pollination by Seyanets and Titovka varieties. Fruits abundantly every year.The fruits are juicy, sweet and sour, with crispy flesh. The weight of one fruit reaches one hundred and fifty grams. The variety is highly resistant to diseases.