Characteristics and description of the Crimean apple varieties Sinap Orlovsky, Kandil and Gorny

The names of the Sinap apple tree varieties indicate that this type of fruit tree can be found in every corner of Russia. They grow in the gardens of the Crimea (Crimean Synap) and in Siberia - in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in Khakassia. The history of selection begins with the Crimean variety of the crop; it was grown already in the 19th century. Later, based on its parental forms, S. I. Isaev and I. V. Michurin carried out breeding work to obtain new varieties resistant to low temperatures.

Advantages of this type

The characteristics of Sinap Orlovsky make it possible to grow this variety of apple trees in industrial orchards.

Description of its advantages:

• winter hardiness;
• undemanding in care;
• large-fruited;
• fruiting is regular;
• long-term storage of crops;
• transportability of fruits.

Places of growth

Thanks to the work of breeders, Sinap apple tree varieties grow in different climatic zones. New improved varieties have mastered climate zones with cold winters. Apple trees of Oryol and Northern Sinap are not uncommon in the gardens of the southern Urals; they are grown by residents of the Tver and Pskov regions, and can be found in the East Siberian region. These varieties grow in the Moscow region and in the Black Earth Region.

Main characteristics of an apple tree

The parameters (crown size, height) of any fruit tree depend on the characteristics inherent in the variety and the degree of cultivation of the soil. The more fertile its composition, the more powerful the root system and crown.

Appearance

The height of the tree directly depends on the type of rootstock. In the classic version, Sinap Orlovsky is grown on semi-dwarf rootstocks. From such seedlings 4-5-meter apple trees grow. The use of vigorous rootstocks allows you to grow taller apple trees (from 5 to 6 meters).

The tallest trees (7 m) are grown from seedlings on clonal rootstocks. In areas with high groundwater levels, Sinap seedlings are planted on dwarf rootstocks. Trees grow from 2.5 to 3 m.

Productivity

Even old apple trees bear fruit annually. Yields are above average.Good care allows you to get from 130 to 170 kg of fruit from one tall apple tree. The yield of medium-sized apple trees is lower - 70 kg.

Taste qualities of fruits

The score for the taste of Sinap apple trees is 4.3-4.7. Apples should not be consumed immediately after harvesting; they must reach consumer ripeness for at least 1 month. At this time they acquire characteristic sweetness, softness, and juiciness.

The pulp of ripe Sinap apples contains about 9.5% sugars. The fruits are ideal for dietary nutrition: 100 g of pulp contains only 50 kilocalories.

Apples that have reached consumer ripeness have a rich, balanced sweet and sour taste.

Frost resistance

VNIISPK employees from the laboratory of resistance physiology conducted research to study the resistance of shoot and bud tissue to low temperatures. The conditions were simulated artificially. Of all the varieties, Orlovsky Sinap performed better than others; its wood and buds were not damaged at a temperature of -42 °C.

Disease susceptibility

Disease resistance indicators are average. Leaves and fruits are susceptible to scab. An outbreak of the disease can occur in summer or autumn with high air humidity. To preserve the harvest, preventive maintenance is carried out with biological preparations (fungicides):

• "Alirin";
• "Fitosporin";
• "Gamane."

Varieties and description of varieties

For any climate zone you can find a suitable variety of Sinap. They love this type of apple for its appetizing appearance, delicate aroma, delicious taste, and keeping quality. Gardeners are attracted by the unpretentiousness of the culture and ease of care.

Almaty

Autumn is the time for the ripening of Almaty Sinap apples. The shape of the fruit is original, it looks like an elongated oval. The apples are covered with a smooth and shiny skin that looks oily.

During ripening, the fruits change color. At first they are yellow-green with traces of a slight blush, and when they reach removable ripeness, the color becomes richer, darkens, and becomes dark red.

When cut, the color is not white, but cream. It has visible light green veins, the structure of the pulp is loose, and the taste combines sweetness and a small amount of acid. As apples ripen, they develop a light chocolate aftertaste. The harvest is harvested in the first days of October, by which time the fruits acquire consumer ripeness. The fruits are stored for up to 3 months.

Northern

This variety of apple tree has been known among gardeners since the 30s of the last century. When creating, they used the genetic material of Qandil-Chinese. Only after 5-8 years can you expect the first harvests, although apple trees on a dwarf rootstock bear fruit earlier, it occurs in the 2nd, maximum 3rd year after planting. For 100% pollination, pollinators are planted - Slavyanka or Antonovka.

The first days of October are the time to harvest apples that have reached technical ripeness. Mature trees (15 years old) produce 170 kg of apples. Picked apples gain flavor only during storage; at least 60 days pass before consumer ripeness.

Khakassia

This winter variety is from the authors O. A. Plekhanova and E. I. Piskunov. Northern Sinap and Rossoshanskoe striped were crossed, both varieties are large-fruited.Apple trees are of medium size, they do not exceed 4.5 m in height, the crown takes on a narrow pyramidal shape.

The skeletal branches are directed upward at an acute angle. The Khakass variety withstood the harsh winters of 2004, 2005 and 2006, showed excellent resistance to severe frosts, it does not rot and is not subject to winter drying.

About 60 kg of apples are harvested from an average tree. All fruits are marketable, their characteristics:

• weight (average) 170 g, maximum - 270 g;
• the skin is yellow-green, there are crimson stains;
• oval shape;
• dense structure, juiciness;
• 4.5 points - taste rating.

The apples are firmly held on the stalks, there is no shedding. They ripen late. Harvesting must be done before the first serious frost; the fruits lose their juiciness after sub-zero temperatures. Apples are stored in the cellar until May.

White

The history of selection is not described, the historical homeland is Crimea. The variety is late-autumn and is characterized by abundant and long-lasting flowering. The trees are low with compact crowns. The skeletal branches are covered with yellowish bark with a gray coating.

The formation of a larger percentage of the crop occurs on the ringlets, partly on the fruit twigs. The size of the fruit is even, the average weight is 130-150 g, the apples have a cylindrical shape. They are covered with thin white-green skin, there is a slight waxy coating and a blurred blush.

Not dense, fine-grained pulp contains a large percentage of juice and sugars. The aroma is weak, the taste is sweet and sour. The period of technical ripeness begins in the last days of September.

Advantages of White Sinap:

• good immunity to diseases (scab, powdery mildew);
• does not suffer from returning spring frosts;
• frost-resistant;
• drought-resistant;
• The apples last until April.

Mountain

Altai variety, disease-resistant and winter-hardy. The trees are medium-sized with a rounded, sparse crown.

Apples are stored until almost mid-spring.

Orlovsky

The variety has been in use since 1955. Received from the forms: Memory of Michurin, Sinap Northern. Regions recommended for cultivation: Chernozem, Northwestern, Central, Middle Volga and some regions of Belarus.

Productivity is increased with the help of pollinating varieties:

• Welsey;
• Pepin Saffron;
• Antonovka Ordinary.

The first harvests from Orlovsky are expected for at least 4-5 years. The period of harvesting fruits that have reached removable ripeness lasts from mid-September to October.

According to statistics, up to 70 kg of apples are harvested from one mature apple tree per season, their characteristics:

• weight (g) - 180;
• color light yellow;
• subcutaneous dots are light;
• The pulp has a good taste, it is juicy with a weak aroma, and creamy when cut;
• lie for 6 months;
• sweet and sour taste is rated 4.7 points;
• the shape is rounded-conical, the upper part is beveled.

Sinap Orlovsky shows good winter hardiness.

Sarah

Productive variety for southern gardens, large-fruited. The apples are beautiful, their weight is from 100 g. When picked, the color of the skin is yellow-green, later - golden. Long-term storage - plus varieties, apples last until next summer.

The disadvantage is low winter hardiness; Sinap Sary does not tolerate the climatic conditions of the central zone of the Russian Federation.It freezes even in the Stavropol Territory. It enters the fruiting season late (in the 15th year).

Qandil

Apples ripen from late August to mid-September; Kandil belongs to the group of late-ripening apple varieties. The trees grow slowly and are classified as vigorous (6 to 7 m). The crown is beautiful, pyramidal. Place of fruit formation:

• fruit twigs;
• spear;
• ringlets.

Sinap Kandil is a Crimean, large-fruited variety. The mass of an apple (average) is 120-140 g. The apple has an elongated, round-conical shape. It is covered with smooth pale yellow skin with a blurred red blush. The color of the subcutaneous points is green. The flesh of apples is creamy rather than white. Taste (4.4 points) sweet and sour.

Kandili needs pollinators:

• Renet d'Orléans;
• Sarah Sinap;
• Rosemary White.

In the presence of pollinators, the yield of Sinap Kandili is 200-300 kg. Apples are stored in the cellar until spring, in a normal room until December.

Crimean

A popular type of Crimean apples. In addition to Crimea, these apple trees are grown in the Krasnodar Territory, Ingushetia and Ukraine. The height of fruit trees depends on the rootstock, its spread is from 3 to 5 meters. Flowering and fruiting of apple trees occurs on annual shoots and fruit twigs.

When to plant and how to care for a tree

Sinap seedlings are planted from March to April in the spring, from September to October in the fall. More exact dates depend on the geographical location of the garden and climate conditions. The hole is dug 3-4 weeks before planting; its dimensions are 90 x 90 cm.

The turf is removed and placed in a hole, with its roots facing up on a gravel (crushed stone) drainage. The soil taken from the top layer is enriched with organic matter and fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium. Their list:

• humus at least 2 buckets;
• about 1 bucket of compost;
• ash approximately 0.5 kg;
• superphosphate 3 tbsp. l.;
• potassium sulfate 2 tbsp. l. without top.

A third of the well-mixed fertile mixture is poured onto the bottom of the hole and a low hill is formed from it. A tall wooden stake (1 to 1.5 m high) is driven into its center. On the eve of planting, seedlings with an open root system are placed in water overnight.

The apple tree is placed in a hole on the south side of the peg, the roots are straightened over the entire area of ​​the mound. Fill and compact the soil, control the height of the root collar above the ground level. It should be from 5 to 7 cm. At the end of the planting work, the trunk is fixed to a peg in 2-3 places, and the seedling is watered.

You can grow a productive, long-lived apple tree in your garden with proper care, which includes:

• watering;
• pruning;
• feeding;
• disease prevention and treatment;
• treatment of the above-ground part from pests.

The Sinap apple tree, planted in the garden, has been supplying the family with delicious apples for many years. When choosing a variety, you need to take into account the climatic conditions of the area.