Description and characteristics of the Russian Beauty pear variety, planting, cultivation and care

The Russian Beauty pear is easiest to grow in the central part of Russia. The description indicates that the variety is unpretentious and rarely gets sick. There are many other positive characteristics. Gardeners should be more careful when choosing a seedling and preparing the site for planting. Care involves regular watering, fertilizing, pruning and protection from winter frosts.

Description and characteristics of the Russian Beauty pear

The Russian Beauty pear variety was bred by breeders specifically for the climate of central Russia. The famous geneticist S. Chernenko took part in the creation of the variety, which is why the variety is also called Beauty Chernenko.

The plant belongs to the early autumn varieties. The tree begins to bloom in the 20th of May; you can start collecting ripe fruits in the first ten days of September.

The tree does not tolerate frost and drought well, so difficulties will arise when growing in the southern and northern regions of the country.

After planting a young tree, the first fruits can be collected in the 6th year. The harvest grows gradually and reaches its maximum only after three years.

Tree

The tree is tall, reaches 6 meters. The crown is in the form of a cone, not too thick. The trunk and branches are light brown in color and grow evenly. The branches are directed upwards. The leaves are large in size and dark green in color. Their shape is oblong, turning into a pointed tip. The edges of the leaves are slightly jagged.

Fruit

From one Russian Beauty tree, summer residents can collect up to 62 kg of mature fruits. The weight of each pear ranges from 200 g to 350 g. Other characteristics of the fruit include:

• the skin is dense but tender, greenish-yellow in color, red on the sides;
• the pulp contains a lot of juice and smells delicious;
• fruit ripening is not simultaneous;
• The shape of the fruit is elongated.

The harvested pears are consumed fresh, and the fruits are also used to make jam, juices, compotes, and preserves.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The positive qualities of the Russian Beauty variety are:

• large fruits;
• formation of a large harvest;
• high immunity to common diseases;
• good shelf life and the ability to transport fruit over long distances;
• self-fertile (no additional pollination required).

The disadvantages of the variety are also indicated in the description:

• poor tolerance to low temperatures (below -24 degrees);
• pear is not resistant to drought;
• late boundaries of fruit ripening;
• a tall tree creates difficulties during maintenance.

After planting, you will have to wait a long time for the first harvest. The maximum number of fruits begins to ripen after 12 years.

How to plant a pear?

The normal development of the Russian Beauty pear variety is largely determined by the correct planting procedure.

Selection of seedlings

For planting, it is best to choose seedlings that are one or two years old, as they take root best. The following characteristics indicate the quality and health of the seedling:

• the trunk (its thickness should be at least 1 cm) and branches are flexible;
• the height of the seedling is no more than one meter;
• the bark is smooth, light brown, without scratches or cracks;
• root branches without dry and rotten roots;
• the roots must consist of at least three branches.

Before planting, you should shorten the strongest and largest roots of the tree by approximately 11 cm. Trim the top of the tree. Then the roots of the seedling are placed in a bucket of warm water.

Landing dates

The crop can be planted in mid-autumn or spring. In the fall, planting begins before the onset of frost - in early October. In spring, April is considered the best time. The soil should warm up well, and the night air temperature should not be below +4 degrees.

Place and soil for pear

In order for the pear tree to develop successfully, it is necessary to choose the right plot of land:

• To plant pears, choose a warm and well-lit area, protected from draft winds.
• The chosen location should not be subject to shadows from neighboring buildings and trees. The distance from the pear to other fruit trees should be at least three meters.
• Groundwater should not flow too close to the surface of the earth. The minimum depth of their flow is 2 meters.
• The soil should be fertile, loose, with good aeration and neutral acidity.

The Russian Beauty pear variety is a self-fertile crop, but pollinators are needed to increase productivity. For this purpose, other pear trees are planted nearby.

Pit preparation

The planting pit for the young tree is prepared in advance:

• Dig a hole 95 cm deep and 76 cm in diameter.
• The top layer of soil is mixed with nutritional components.
• The resulting soil mixture is poured into the bottom of the hole.
• If you plan to plant several seedlings, then retreat a distance of 5 meters.

Before planting, cover the hole with film to prevent water from penetrating inside.

Landing technology

In order for the plant to quickly adapt to a new location, it is necessary to carry out the planting procedure correctly:

• In the hole, 5 cm away from the center, install a pole 140 cm high. It will serve as a support for the young tree.
• The soil at the bottom of the pit is formed in the form of a slide.
• The seedling is placed in the middle of the formed hill and the roots are distributed.
• Fill the hole with earth, compacting it periodically.
• A ditch is made around the tree trunk for irrigation and pre-prepared warm water is poured in.
• Tie the tree trunk to a support.
• Mulch the soil with a layer of peat or sawdust.

Attention! It is unacceptable to add fresh manure to the pit. This fertilizer will cause burns on the root system and the plant will die.

How to properly care for a plant?

It is easy to care for the plant. But you should know and perform certain actions so that the plant spends all its energy on the formation of sweet fruits.

Trimming

The tree is tall, so it is necessary to carry out regular forming and thinning pruning of branches:

1. At the first stage, the three strongest branches are determined and shortened by a third. The rest are completely cut out.
2. The next year, a second tier of the crown is formed from three branches, which are also shortened.
3. After another year, they begin to form the third tier of the crown, leaving one or two main shoots.

From the fifth year of pear growth, thinning pruning begins. Remove branches that grow horizontally. Young branches that block the penetration of light are also pruned.

In the last days of October and March, all damaged, dry and diseased branches are removed. The cut areas should be treated with garden varnish.

Watering

The pear needs to be watered several times throughout the growing season:

• before flowering begins (late April or early May);
• after the end of the flowering period;
• in the future they focus on the weather (if the weather is hot and there is little rain, then water 4 times);
• The last watering is carried out in the second ten days of September.

Young seedlings are moistened even more often. The first two seasons after planting, the tree needs up to 15 liters of water every 7 days. In subsequent years, the amount of water increases to 25 liters every 2.5 weeks. After moistening the soil, it is necessary to loosen it.

Whitewash

Whitewashing is necessary to protect the tree from winter frosts, as well as from some infections and pests. The trunk and lower branches are covered with whitewash.

The composition can be made independently from lime, clay and copper sulfate.

Fertilizers

The pear is fertilized with nutritional compounds throughout the growing season:

• It is recommended to add organic components in the fall every three years. Humus, compost, and bird droppings are suitable.
• Before flowering begins, it is advisable to add urea, saltpeter and urea.
• After flowering, spraying with a liquid urea solution is useful.
• In the fall, it would be a good idea to feed the soil with mineral compounds. You can use a mixture of superphosphate and potassium chloride.

It is very important to follow the recommended proportions when diluting the composition. Not only a deficiency, but also an excess of microelements can negatively affect the development of a crop.

Preparing for winter

The tree does not tolerate frosts below -24 degrees, so the pear should be carefully prepared for wintering:

• In the tree trunk area, fallen leaves, debris, and weeds are removed.
• The earth is being dug up.
• The area around the trunk is mulched with peat or straw. The mulch thickness should be 20 cm.
• After this, cover the trunk with spruce branches or burlap.
• After the snow falls, a snowdrift is thrown near the trunk. The snow from the branches must be shaken so that they do not break under its weight.

If these requirements are met, the fruit tree will more easily tolerate low temperatures.

Diseases and pests of pear

Among the diseases that can most often damage the plant are powdery mildew, black cancer, and brown spot. The fact that a pear is infected with an infection can be determined by the condition of the leaves and trunk. There is a white coating or spots of different colors on the leaves. The tree trunk becomes covered with cracks and changes color.

Of the pests, the Russian beauty pear is in most cases attacked by the pear honeymoth and the codling moth. The ovaries begin to fall off, the leaves curl and turn yellow.The fruits fall prematurely.

Ways to protect pears from diseases

Treatment with Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, Baktofit, and Kuprosil helps to cope with the infection and protect the tree from re-infection.

Ways to control pear pests

Wood can be treated with preparations such as Iskra and Fufanon. In the fall, you definitely need to dig up the tree trunk area and remove fallen leaves.

Eating and preserving the crop

The harvest begins to ripen in the first half of September, but harvesting can begin in late August. Harvesting is carried out in dry, clear weather. The pear is harvested unripe, when the skin has just begun to turn yellow. The harvested crop is placed in a warm, well-ventilated room for ripening.

Pears should be stored in wooden boxes. Each row of fruit is separated with sawdust or hay. Should be stored in a cool, dark place at a temperature of +1 to +3 degrees. In such conditions, pears will be stored for up to 1.5 months.

Advice. Pears intended for long-term storage do not need to remove the stems.