Description of summer, autumn and winter pears, which ones are better to choose

Among garden crops, the pear ranks second in popularity after the apple tree. The cultivation of the plant occurred after the selection of wild pears, growing in the forests of the European part, Central Asia, and the Caucasus, was successful. Now gardeners are offered a large selection of pear varieties of both summer, autumn and winter varieties.

Summer pear varieties

Pears that ripen in summer have a number of advantages over other types of fruit crops. They are self-fertile, although there are varieties that require pollination. Most of the summer crops have those varieties that produce early harvests and begin to bear fruit in the 5th year of the tree’s life. That's why they are called precocious.

Varieties differ:

• prevalence in a particular region, from southern to northern regions;
• different shapes of fruits;
• their keeping quality;
• sweet or sour taste of fruits, their astringency;
• tree growth, crown shape.

To better choose a tree for the garden, it is more convenient to study the varieties alphabetically.

August dew

As a result of crossing Tenderness with Triumph Pakgum, the pear turned out to be:

• smooth gray bark;
• spreading branches, slightly drooping, curved;
• sweet fruits covered with delicate and thin skin.

The plant reaches a height of 10 meters in adulthood. The crop is valued because it rarely gets sick, easily tolerates winter cold, and blooms quickly in the spring.

Bashkir summer

The tree begins to bear fruit in the 6th year of life, and in July fruits already appear on the branches. The tart, fine-grained pulp is slightly loose, but does not spoil for a long time. The tree has a pyramidal crown, so it can become a decoration for the site.The variety is suitable for cultivation not only in the southern regions, but also in temperate climates.

A positive characteristic is that the plant is resistant to major diseases and produces yields of up to 16 kilograms annually.

Whiteleaf

Pears with consistently good yields have many advantages. These include both frost resistance and average disease resistance. Fruits with yellowish skin and juicy, dense pulp reach technical ripeness in the last month of summer. The only drawback is that pears cannot be stored for a long time. After 10 days they begin to deteriorate.

Bere Giffard

A variety with wonderful reddish fruits that hang in bunches of 2-5 pieces each is especially suitable for the southern regions. The brightness of pears is combined with the tenderness and juiciness of the pulp hidden under the thin skin. The fruits do not need to be picked immediately; they hang for a long time and do not spoil on the branches. Shoots often have to be tied up so that they do not break under the weight of a rich harvest.

Everything about the plant is beautiful: a sparse crown with curved thin branches, a smooth trunk 10 meters high, and oblong green leaves.

Victoria

Fruitful varieties are represented by Victoria pear. And not without reason, because up to 150 kilograms of fruit are collected from an adult tree. They are suitable for making jams, preserves, and compotes. After harvesting in August-September, it is better to immediately process sweet and juicy pears, because they cannot be preserved for a long time. They will begin to deteriorate after 3 days, and on the tree within a week.

Duchess

One of the popular pears. Its fruits are recognizable because they are sweet and tender, juicy, with thin skin. Greenish-yellow, they reach a weight of 150 grams. And they are stored for a long time, and hang on the branches ripe, without falling off or spoiling. The tree of English selection is suitable for small gardens.It has a compact crown consisting of spreading thin branches. The plant can tolerate frost. It is also not exposed to pathogenic fungi. Of the pests, aphids are the most dangerous.

Carmen

This pear variety is common in central Russia. With a tree height of 5-6 meters, a pyramidal-narrow crown, the plant is interesting with its reddish leaves, their curved plate, neatly folded. The short pear-shaped fruits are of medium size. As it ripens, the skin turns red and then turns brown. It shows a large number of inclusions. The white semi-oily pulp is juicy and pleasant to the taste with a predominance of sugar and a small amount of acid.

Cathedral

The variety was developed by scientists at the Timiryazev Academy by crossing Forest Beauty with Duchess. A medium-sized tree has branches pointing upward. On the reddish-brown shoots, the leaves have pointed tips and are colored light green.

The mass of pear fruits is small, in the range of 100-120 grams. They have a classic shape with a bumpy surface. Under the delicate, slightly oily skin lies white flesh. The color of the fruit ranges from greenish to light yellow with blush spread over the surface. The taste of pears is rated 4 points. They ripen in August and are stored for 10 to 12 days.

Summer oily

Interesting plant:

• vigorous growth;
• wide pyramidal crown;
• large fruits of a yellowish color with a blurred blush;
• fine-grained oily pulp;
• resistance to scab.

Fruit ripening occurs at the end of summer, but pears are stored for 10 days.

Limonka

The variety of folk selection is widespread among gardeners in central Russia, the Volga region, and southern regions. Small yellow pears have a round shape. Covered with dry skin.The pulp is greenish, dense. The tree has a wide crown and a height of up to 5-6 meters. Thin branches are covered with dark green oval leaves, wavy at the edges.

Rogneda

Late summer crop species are represented by Rogneda. Received pear by crossing Forest beauty with Theme. Thanks to the inheritance of qualities from its wild relative, the hybrid can easily withstand frost. The medium-sized tree with a compact crown is loved by summer residents. They prefer to plant it in the Moscow and Kaluga regions. The round pear is famous for the taste of its fruit. They:

• with smooth thin skin;
• yellowish color;
• weighing up to 140 grams;
• with numerous subcutaneous points;
• sweet, juicy.

The crop is valued for its resistance to low temperatures. Reaches consumer maturity in September and is stored in a cool place for 2 months. It is better to pick pears when they are not ripe.

Sugar

The hybrid belongs to the crops of southern selection. The fruits, which ripen at the end of July, have an oblong-elongated shape. They stay on the branches well and rarely fall off. On sunny days, a diffuse blush appears on the yellowish skin. The pulp is such that it melts in your mouth. Along with the sweetness, the taste of nutmeg is felt. The decorative qualities of a low tree with a dense, well-leafed crown are noted.

Severyanka

The culture was developed in the middle of the last century, and it became widespread everywhere, from the southern regions to the Urals and Siberia. The characteristic features of a tree are:

• fast growth rate;
• mixed fruiting;
• average crown dimensions;
• small fruits weighing up to 80 grams.

We loved pears for their juicy and crispy flesh with a wine-sweet taste. The fruits may not be stored for a long time, but from one tree you can collect up to 20 kilograms.

Autumn

The advantage of pears that ripen in the fall is their shelf life. Most of all, fruits need processing, so they must be tasty. It is the autumn varieties that are suitable for making jam and compotes.

They can remain fresh and not spoil for 1.5-2 months.

Bere Moscow

The distribution area of ​​the pear is Central. The crop is characterized by medium height and high shoot growth rates. The fruits have a classic shape with slight asymmetry. Under the yellow skin with a scarlet blush lies white flesh, sweet and sour, juicy. The harvest is harvested in September, when the main color of the fruit begins to clear. Trees begin to produce crops in the 3-4th year of life. The plant is distinguished by its winter hardiness, resistance to scab, and brown spot.

Bryansk beauty

The hybrid form is popular in the Black Earth regions. A medium-sized tree with a narrow pyramidal crown and a trunk with burgundy smooth bark. Young leaves are the same color, but as the plants mature they turn green. The variety has large fruits of 300-450 grams. They are dark green at first, but then become covered with a red blush.

They are famous for their oily, very juicy pulp, with a dessert taste and pleasant aroma. The culture is classified as self-fertile.

Veles

The culture was obtained by crossing wild pears with varietal Venus. The plant notes:

• average height;
• crown branching at a young age and compact pyramidality in adulthood;
• medium foliage;
• the presence of shoots, thick and long, curved.

Fruiting in pears is on ringlets. The weight of the fruits is from 150 grams to 200. On top they are covered with a smooth, non-lumpy skin of a greenish-yellow color. The creamy pulp has a semi-oily texture.Dessert fruits are used fresh and for preparations.

Vermont

The advantages of growing this variety include that the hybrid:

• adapted to drought and low temperatures;
• gives good yields;
• is famous for its delicious dessert fruits for universal purposes.

Suitable for cultivation in the Central Federal District.

Red-sided

The pear is characterized by a medium-sized tree, up to 4 meters in height. The crown is sparse, with crooked brown branches. They have large leaves of light green color. It can be said about the fruits of the variety that they reach a weight of 150-180 grams and are colored green. As they ripen, they become yellowish with a blush. The pulp is white with a sweet and sour taste. The purpose of the fruit is table.

Muscovite

The tree belongs to the standard type with gray bark and a conical crown. The fruits are wide, pear-shaped. There is a blush on the yellowish-green skin. The sour-sweet fruits are fragrant and simply melt in your mouth.

Marble

Pears ripen in early autumn and are suitable for planting in the Central and Volga-Vyatka region. The color of the fruit is interesting: on the yellowish background of the skin there are red spots in the form of a marble pattern. Medium-sized pears have a sweet taste. The structure of the pulp is coarse-grained. The hybrid is classified as a dessert species.

Otradnenskaya

The autumn pear was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2000. The standard tree has a spreading crown, gray branches perpendicular to the trunk. Young shoots are covered with brown bark. Small pears weighing 80-120 grams with smooth matte skin, with a slightly pronounced blush on the yellowish surface. Taste qualities are estimated at 3.7-4 points.

In memory of Yakovlev

One of the most common varieties in Russia is fast-growing.A low tree with a rounded crown is characterized by high bud arousability. It is harvested during September. They reach 25 kilograms per plant. With an average weight, pears with sweet pulp are used universally. They are not astringent, so they are enjoyed fresh.

Ricks

The hybrid Rix is ​​a frost-resistant and productive crop. It gives fruits with thin but dense skin and a slight blush on the side. The yellowish-pink flesh has a delicate and sweet taste.

Cheremshina

The culture was obtained back in 1960 at the Lviv experimental station. Characterized by rapid growth and a narrow pyramidal crown. Fruits in the 5th year. The harvest is harvested in October, but reaches consumer maturity in a month. Pears weighing from 150 to 250 grams with a pleasant sweetish taste. The skin on top is greenish and rusty.

Winter

Winter-ripened pears are suitable for long-term fruit storage. Under the right conditions, you can enjoy them until spring. They are picked hard, but the taste of the pulp improves during storage. The fruits are rarely suitable for making juices and compotes. Another advantage of trees is that they are winter-hardy. Late flowering prevents frost from negatively affecting fruiting.

Angelis

The culture of French selection is famous for:

• large fruits of 300 grams;
• bronze coloring of the surface of the fruit;
• aromatic and juicy pulp;
• regular fruiting.

The plant is resistant to scab and fire blight. It grows better when the crown is lightened annually by pruning.

Deccania

The analogue of Winter Duchess is very popular, because the pulp of the fruit is sweet, with a slight wine taste, and melts in the mouth. The skin is dense, thick, but tender. Fruits grow on a medium-sized tree in the 5-6th year of life.As frost-resistant plants, they tolerate cold down to -30 degrees and develop better on fertile, light soils with moderate moisture.

Golden

The winter type hybrid has a dessert purpose. Round fruits, covered with dry greenish-yellow skin, have a sweet and sour taste, with a spicy aroma.

Kondratyevka

It produces fruit harvests every year that last until January. In pears weighing up to 200 grams, the flesh is oily and sweet. Fruiting of a medium-sized tree begins in the 4-5th year after planting. It is vigorous and well-leafed.

Conference

The tree is popular for its unpretentiousness. It produces ripe fruits at the end of September. They are large and elongated. The variety is characterized by brown skin, astringency, and sweetness of the pulp. The disadvantage of pear is its susceptibility to low temperatures.

curé

The pear is zoned in the southern regions, where it has been growing since ancient times. In vigorous trees, the crown can reach a diameter of 3.9 meters. Pear bears fruit on 3-year-old wood. The fruits reach a weight of 200-300 grams, and there are specimens up to 500 grams. The hybrid is characterized by a green color of the fruit, which changes to yellowish over time. Characteristic is a rusty stripe in the middle, from the calyx to the stalk.

Lyra

Obtained by crossing Bere Winter and Forest Beauty pear, it is famous for its large fruits, weighing from 200 to 300 grams. And their flesh is juicy, sweet with a slight sourness. Harvests ripen on tall trees with a crown of medium density, pyramidal type. The large-fruited pear yields consistently, tolerates low temperatures, and is immune to scab.

Malvina

Fruit trees are frost-resistant and produce yields of up to 100 kilograms under good growing conditions.Yellow-green, round-shaped fruits weigh 180 grams. After being removed from the branches they are tart, but after storage the taste improves. When fresh, they are suitable for consumption until March.

Maria

The variety was bred by Belarusian breeders and selected as winter-hardy, productive, and with high-quality fruits. A medium-sized tree with a pyramidal, wide crown reaches a height of 3 meters at the age of 10 years. It pleases gardeners with juicy fruits weighing 300 grams or more. The yellowish surface is not rusty, but has pink tan spots. The pulp is fine-grained, oily with a delicate taste and slight sourness.

November

The early winter pear of the Far Eastern selection grows into a strong tree with good branching, shoots extending directly from the trunk. Small fruits with irregularities are green with a large number of subcutaneous points. They have a distinct aroma and sweet and sour taste.

Domestic

The culture is suitable for the southern regions, where it has been widespread for about 80 years. Fruits in the 5th year after planting. The harvest is harvested in October and stored in a cool place until March. The pear-shaped fruits are green at first, then turn yellow, and their taste improves.

Pass-Krasan

The popularity of the French selection culture is that:

1. The tree bears fruit in the 6th year of life.
2. Productivity is high under good growing conditions.
3. Pears weighing up to 400 grams are harvested, and for those grafted on quince - up to 700.
4. The surface of the skin is golden-orange with rusty spots.
5. The taste of the pulp is superior to other varieties due to its sweetness and gentle tartness.

Pears are distinguished by their good keeping quality, lasting until March.

Pervomayskaya

On a large tree 6 meters high, the crown is narrow, pyramid-shaped. It doesn't need pollinators. Classically shaped pears weigh from 150 grams and are 10 centimeters long.The skin has an even yellowish color, and the flesh is soft, but not watery. Harvests are taken up to 40 kilograms from a tree.

Saratovka

In this variety, the tree reaches a height of 6-7 meters, with branches extending from the trunk at an acute upward angle. The elongated pears are covered with an oily, dull skin. Underneath the flesh is sweet and sour, without astringency. Starting from the 5th year of life, the crop ripens, but it is periodic. Trees rarely freeze and can withstand severe frosts. They are drought resistant. Farmers can harvest up to 24 tons of pears per hectare; they are well preserved and transportable.

Pears from central Russia

The special climatic conditions of the middle zone do not allow all varieties of pears to bear fruit. With hot summers and harsh winters, not every plant can develop comfortably. And sudden changes in temperature can destroy unprepared specimens of garden crops. The region includes the regions of Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir.

Weather conditions in areas such as Saratov and Yaroslavl are not favorable for some fruit crops.

Allegro

The hybrid is represented by a fast-growing tree with a slightly drooping crown. The elongated pear-shaped fruits reach a weight of 100-150 grams. Their surface is green with a slight pink tan. They ripen in the last ten days of August. Tender, sweet, without stony cells inside, pears are loved by gardeners.

Bessemyanka

In the regions of Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl, the hybrid is popular due to:

• rapid growth rates;
• decorative crown with upward-pointing branches;
• small green fruits with a slight blush;
• melon-yellow pulp of medium density and sweetness.

Pears are used to make compotes. You cannot store them for a long time; they quickly deteriorate.

Lada

This early summer hybrid is widespread in areas near the Saratov region. It belongs to the standard types of garden crops. A variety of mixed fruiting type, sweet, with pears measuring 100 grams. They have fine-grained, yellowish flesh, covered with smooth and thin skin on top. On some specimens, a blush is visible on a yellowish background.

Skorospelka from Michurinsk

The variety, zoned for the Central and Middle Volga regions, is represented by a tree that grows quickly. Pollinators should be placed nearby, e.g. pear in memory of Yakovlev. We can say about the fruits that they are regular pear-shaped, weighing only 70 grams. Their outer color is green-yellow, with pink spots in sunny weather.

Chizhovskaya

The late summer hybrid is named after the famous breeder S. Chizhov. The variety is popular in the middle zone because:

• has average tree dimensions;
• bears fruit in small pears;
• low fruit shedding;
• good keeping quality of fruit.

The pear is pleasant both with its shape and its sweet, refreshing taste.

Other types

The early varieties Vidnaya and Bryanskaya Krasivatsa are suitable for growing in the region. Among late-summer varieties, it is recommended to choose a hybrid of the same age with high taste. Banana pear not only has a unique taste and aroma, but also produces large yields. Veles pearsThumbelina is also popular in this region.

Varieties for the Moscow region

In the Moscow region, although the summers are hot, the winters are harsh. Therefore, garden crops sometimes do not have enough time to ripen. Suitable for planting plants with early and medium ripening periods.

Venus

The pear is distinguished by its high winter hardiness. Entering fruiting in the 5-6th year of life, it brings rich harvests. Pears are harvested in September.They weigh 120 grams, yellow-green, moderately juicy.

Vera Yellow

A winter-hardy crop that begins to bear fruit in the 6th year of life. It is valued because the fruit is sweet, tasty, juicy, and has a smooth skin.

Prominent or Lumpy

Obtained by pollination with pollen of southern varieties and is suitable for industrial cultivation. On a vigorous tree, fruits appear in August. Their maturation is not simultaneous. Elongated dessert pears with a nutmeg flavor.

Elegant Efimova

The columnar hybrid produces harvests during September. To prevent pears from becoming overripe, they must be picked on time. This marvelous culture is famous for the high taste qualities of its fruits.

Tenderness

The tree is distinguished by beautiful large leaves, due to which fruits weighing 200 grams are visible. Their color is yellowish, there is a blush on the side. You can preserve pears for a long time.

Fabulous

The fruits of the variety are characterized by the fact that they:

• large, more than 250 grams;
• green with a yellowish tint;
• suitable for processing into puree, jam;
• stored for 2 weeks.

The hybrid is resistant to many fungal diseases.

Other varieties

In addition to the listed types of crops, the following are grown in the Moscow region and nearby areas:

• Conference;
• Muscovite;
• Yakovlev's favorite;
• Cathedral.

These pears have adapted to weather conditions, as they were bred by local breeders.

Varieties for the Southern Federal District

For the Rostov and Volgograd regions, it is easier to select seedlings of fruit crops. Here you can plant all types of summer, autumn and winter. They will bear fruit abundantly. The only thing you need to make sure is that the varieties are adapted to drought.The territory of the Krasnodar Territory is such a place that all garden crops feel comfortable and develop quickly.

Disease resistant pear varieties

To avoid damage to pear plantations by fungal diseases, it is necessary to select varieties that are resistant to them. Hybrids such as Skorospelka from Michurinsk and the Allegro variety are noted as least sensitive to scab. Has high immunity Hera pear, Yakovlevskaya.

Self-fertile pear varieties

In order not to bother with planting pollinators, you need to select those crops that pollinate themselves. When both female and male flowers form on a pear, the ovaries will form quickly. These types of plants include Chizhovskaya, Tenderness, and Maria pears.

Which variety of seedlings is best to choose?

Planting material must be selected so that the variety is suitable for the conditions of a particular region. In the south, annual seedlings are planted, in the northern regions - biennial ones. The best seedlings should have a healthy root system, smooth bark, and no damage. Their branches should not bend and be dry.

How to determine the variety of pear

Before purchasing pear seedlings for cultivation, you need to pay attention to where the variety was bred. This can be recognized by a brief description of the culture. Select plant species that are zoned for a specific climate zone. When purchasing, take into account the type of fruit ripening, their quality, and the structural features of the tree.