TOP 40 coniferous trees and shrubs with names, plant descriptions

Evergreen plant crops do not lose their attractiveness throughout the year. Conifers look very decorative and bring great health benefits, since the aroma they emit helps cleanse and improve the health of the air. This is true both in winter and summer. In general, such plants are very unpretentious and easily tolerate shortages of water and light. Below is the TOP 40 coniferous plants - trees and shrubs with names.

Fir

This is a fast-growing evergreen plant that is widespread in temperate latitudes. Fir is considered a shade-tolerant crop and is often used to decorate summer cottages. It can be planted singly or in groups. For garden plots, small varieties are usually used, which perfectly complement rocky gardens and alpine hills.

Fir reaches a height of 60-70 meters and lives 150-200 years. It is characterized by a rather dense pyramidal crown. With age it becomes more cylindrical. The smooth trunk of the tree is covered with gray bark. At the same time, the needles are soft and flat. The cones reach a length of 5-10 centimeters and grow vertically.

Spruce

This plant has become widespread. It grows well in cold to temperate climates. This conifer can reach a height of 30-50 meters. It grows well in moderately moist and slightly acidic soil. The culture grows well both in illuminated areas and in slight shade. Spruce trees form coniferous forests and are often found in mountainous areas. They have a conical crown. Today, many ornamental varieties of such plants are known.

Spruce Belobok

An adult spruce of this variety reaches a height of 3 meters and a diameter of 2-3. This crop has silver-blue needles. At the same time, yellow tips are characteristic of young shoots. After this, red cones measuring 8-10 centimeters appear on the trees. Gradually they become darker. At this time, the tree looks very decorative.

Spruce Majestic Blue

This blue spruce is a small conifer that has spreading branches. Their span reaches 4 meters. Dwarf varieties are actively used in landscape design. A distinctive feature of the plant is its slow development. Over the course of a year, the crop increases by 8-10 centimeters. Spruce of this variety needs sufficient sun. In partial shade the needles become duller.

Glauka Globoza

This culture is distinguished by silver-blue needles. It reaches a height of 2 meters and has a spreading crown measuring 2-3 meters. The shoots are fluffy and horizontal. Glauka Globoza is characterized by strong immunity and resistance to weather conditions. The culture is characterized by slow growth and remains decorative all year round.

Pine

This evergreen crop contains a lot of resin. It is most often found in the Northern Hemisphere. Pine is considered undemanding to the soil. In addition, the plant is highly resistant to frost and drought.

Mountain pine Dwarf

This plant is a shrub 2-2.5 meters high. Moreover, the diameter of its crown reaches 1.5 meters. The plant has a spherical crown. As the plant ages, the lower branches droop, forming a dome. Gnome pine needles are green in color. In the second year after planting, cones appear at the tips of the branches.

Cedar

This monoecious crop is distinguished by needle-like foliage that forms tufts. Cedar lives quite a long time - up to 500 years.Under natural conditions, the plant reaches 30-40 meters and has spreading shoots.

There are 3 types of cedars growing in Russia - Siberian pine, Korean pine and Siberian dwarf pine. They are found in the Far East and Siberia. It is noteworthy that during the first hundred years the tree gains 40-50 centimeters per year. With age, the growth of the tree decreases and amounts to only 10 centimeters per year.

Hemlock

This plant is considered a real long-liver. In nature, it is found in the eastern part of North America - primarily in Canada. The name of the culture is translated as “Canadian”. The varieties bred by breeders are characterized by high shade tolerance.

Hemlock is a slender tree that reaches a height of 20-30 meters, or a low-growing bush. The culture develops very slowly, but its life expectancy reaches 1000 years.

Hemlock is characterized by a multi-stage crown, which has a cone-shaped crown and horizontal branches. The plant has flattened dark green needles of small size. Gray-brown cones measuring 25 millimeters in size form at the ends of the shoots.

Ketelery

This plant belongs to the smallest genus of the Pine family. In nature, keteleeria grows on small mountains or hills. At the same time, the plant prefers a humid and warm climate.

This culture is quite rare, but it does not have significant decorative properties. In addition, keteleeria is considered a very light-loving culture. Therefore, it is grown quite rarely in summer cottages.

Mature plants reach a height of 30-40 meters. Moreover, their life expectancy is 100 years. The culture is characterized by a cone-shaped crown and an irregularly shaped trunk.The needles are flat and small in size. Narrow-cylindrical cones reach a length of 6-22 centimeters.

Larch

This plant differs significantly from other genera of the family, as it is deciduous. Every year the tree sheds its leaves, which turn into needles. Wild varieties are often planted in city parks and gardens. Cultivated varieties are used to decorate summer cottages.

Larch can reach a height of 80 meters, but the average is 40-45 meters. The tree is characterized by a loose crown. At first it forms a cone, and then becomes round or ovoid.

The needles are distinguished by their green shades and soft structure. They reach 2-4 centimeters in length and are arranged in bunches or in a spiral. The cones are small in size and have a maximum length of 1.5-3.5 centimeters.

The key feature of larch is the yellowing and falling of needles. This happens at the end of autumn. In this case, the fruits remain on the branches for the whole winter. The most common varieties include Dahurian larch Gmelina and Siberian larch.

Microbiota

This coniferous shrub belongs to the Cypress family. This culture has only one variety - cross-paired. At the same time, its numbers are gradually decreasing. The plant is a prostrate shrub that has thin creeping shoots. The culture is characterized by scaly needles. In summer it is green, and in winter it is brown. The cones are small in size and include 2-3 scales.

The microbiota is characterized by slow development. In 1 year it increases by only 2 centimeters. In general, the culture fits perfectly into group compositions or can be grown alone.

Cypress

This evergreen plant is found in warm southern regions. People began to cultivate it back in the seventeenth century. Currently, cypress has become widespread throughout the world.

In the garden, cypress is used in different styles and compositions. Large plants look great in single plantings. They can also be combined with bright perennial flowers. Small cypress trees can be used to decorate flower beds and rockeries.

Cypress Drakht

This conifer is characterized by slow development. In 1 year it increases by 3 centimeters. The bush is characterized by its compact size and spreading branches. Drakht is distinguished by beautiful blunt-leaved needles of an emerald hue. In the sun, the foliage of the plant looks very impressive. It is often used to decorate rocky hills, rock gardens, and bonsai.

Cypress

This evergreen coniferous plant can reach 30 meters. It can be planted in moist, acidic soil. At the same time, the culture develops well in warm regions, but in winter it needs shelter. Cypress is ideal for growing in containers. They can also be used to decorate winter gardens.

This strong tree looks very noble. It has a dense conical crown, which includes branches growing in different directions. Toothed needles exude a distinct, pleasant aroma.

Sequoia

This evergreen tree belongs to the Cypress family. It reaches 90-100 meters in height. Sequoia is distinguished by its conical shape and horizontal branches. On top it is covered with dense bark up to 30 centimeters thick. The wood has a red-brown tint.

Thuja

This is an evergreen conifer that reaches a height of 20 meters. The plant is considered undemanding to the composition of the soil.It is resistant to drought and tolerates heat well. In this case, the thuja may die due to frost.

Typically the tree has several trunks covered with red-brown bark. It can reach 15 meters in height. The branches are distinguished by their green color. Small cones include 4-8 membranes covered with a blue coating.

Juniper

This coniferous plant has pronounced bactericidal characteristics. Moreover, it has many varieties. Among the junipers there are huge plants up to 30 meters in size and dwarf crops that do not exceed 15 centimeters. Each type has its own distinctive characteristics.

Juniper is often used to decorate garden plots. It complements a rock garden or rock garden well. The culture can also be used to create a hedge.

Juniperus rocky Moonglow

This culture reaches a height of 2-3 meters. It has a compact pyramidal crown. The needles of this plant are scaly. It fits tightly to the stem and has a silver-blue color.

Moonglow juniper is considered undemanding to the soil. It grows well in well-lit areas and in partial shade. In hot weather, the plant easily tolerates drought, but is sensitive to excess moisture.

Wollemia

This genus was considered extinct. It was accidentally discovered in nature only in 1994. Wollemia is found in only one place - in a national park in Australia. There are no more than 100 such trees there.

Wollemia is grown for ornamental purposes only in large botanical gardens. It is a straight tree measuring 35-40 meters. It is characterized by a pyramidal crown, which has feathery palm-like branches.The leaves are fern-like and quite dense. They can have different shades - from lemon to olive.

Agathis

This is the oldest fossil plant that is used for outdoor landscaping. It is often planted in gardens and parks. Agathis is not suitable for indoor growing, but looks great in greenhouses and winter gardens.

This tree is large in size and reaches a height of 50-70 meters. Young plants have a pyramidal crown, while older plants have a wide and spreading crown. The leaves are unusual. In addition, they live for 15-20 years. Cones can be broadly cylindrical or spherical. They are located at the ends of the shoots.

Araucaria

The wild crop prefers a warm climate. In harsh conditions, it can only be grown in apartments or greenhouses. In nature, Araucaria is a tall tree measuring 50-60 meters. At the same time, indoor options do not exceed 2-2.5 meters.

Araucaria is characterized by a pyramidal or umbrella-shaped crown. The needles bear little resemblance to pine needles. To a greater extent, they resemble leaves with a sharp, drawn-out tip. The cones are large in size and spherical or elongated in shape.

Torreya

This genus is named after John Torrey, the first botanist of the New World. Torreya is mainly grown in arboretums and botanical gardens. In summer cottages, the crop is quite rare. It is used to create tapeworms or hedges.

It is a small to medium-sized tree that reaches 5-20 meters. Torreya is characterized by a spreading crown and linear, hard needles of a dark green color. Cone fruits are more similar to large berries. They may be red or purple.

Pseudotaxus

This plant is very rare.In nature, it lives exclusively in Eastern China. Pseudotaxus is grown as an ornamental crop in southern China. Sometimes it can be found in other regions.

This plant can reach a height of 2-5 meters. The structure of its crown includes opposite or whorled shoots. The leaves are pointed and slightly asymmetrical. They are located on the side branches in a spiral and are distinguished by their green color. The fruits are round white berries, the diameter of which is 5-7 millimeters.

Yew

This plant is considered a valuable park crop. It is often used to create living sculptures, labyrinths and hedges. Small plants complement rocky and alpine hills. They are also often used to decorate rockeries. In addition, yew looks great in single plantings.

This tree is characterized by a cylindrical or ovoid crown. It is complemented by flat dark green needles measuring 25-30 millimeters. The fruits are successive berries of a bright red hue.

Austrotaxus

This representative of the Tisovs is found in the Southern Hemisphere. This plant lives exclusively in tropical rainforests. Austrotaxus was not domesticated. It is an evergreen tree that reaches a height of 3-25 meters.

The culture is characterized by a dense branched crown and dark green shiny leaves. The seed cones are apical. They are covered with scales in a spiral.

Rashahib's stupid cypress

The cypress tree is characterized by a loose, spreading crown. In mature trees it reaches a width of 2 meters. The decorative properties of the crop are associated with the appearance of the needles. Young growth has a rich lemon hue, but becomes greener as it ages. This is a very light-loving plant.It prefers neutral soil and can withstand frosts down to -29 degrees.

Amentotaxus

This plant is often grown in warm regions. It serves as an excellent addition to greenhouses and tropical gardens. In China, Amentotaxus is used as a houseplant. It is often grown in bonsai style.

This plant can grow as a tree no larger than 15 meters in size and as a bush whose height does not exceed 2-3 meters. The culture is distinguished by a wide crown with spreading shoots. It has straight gray-green leaves. The cones are orange-red berries of a spherical or elongated shape.

Golovchatotis Fortune

Initially, this culture was found only in the highlands of China. In the mid-nineteenth century it came to Europe, and then became widespread.

Capulchatotis Fortune reaches a height of 10 meters. It has a whorled-branching crown and leathery needles, which are distinguished by a spiral arrangement. The needles have a uniform green color on top, and 2 light stripes on the bottom. The fruits reach a diameter of 2-3 centimeters. They are covered on top with a juicy pink-red shell.

Harrington's capitotiss

In nature, this culture is found in the highlands of Japan and China. Harrington's capitatis is actively used as a beautiful ornamental plant. It winters well under snow and can withstand temperatures down to -15 degrees.

Old specimens in nature reach 15 meters. This plant has a voluminous and spreading crown. The needle-shaped leaves reach 18-45 centimeters in length and 2-3.5 millimeters in width. The fruit cones resemble light green berries. As they ripen, they acquire a purple color and resemble plums.

Golovchatotiss Drupaceae

This is a rather interesting plant that comes originally from Japan and China. The crop is actively grown in European countries - primarily in the UK. This plant reaches a height of 15 meters and is distinguished by a dense whorled-branching crown.

The leaves have a dark green color and a dense structure. They taper towards the base and sharply sharpen at the top. The fruits may be oval or pear-shaped and green-red in color.

Sciadopitis

This plant can be considered a living fossil. In nature, it is found exclusively in Japan. In this case, the only type of culture is considered to be Sciadopitis whorled. This plant reaches a height of 40 meters. Moreover, it lives up to 700 years.

Sciadopitis has a wide or narrow pyramidal crown. The trunk reaches a diameter of 3 meters and is covered with dark brown bark. The needles are green in color and grow up to 10-15 centimeters. The cones are single and ovoid in shape. Their length is 8-12 centimeters.

The decorative properties of sciadopitis have made it popular in different countries of the world. The plant is often grown in greenhouses and containers. It is used to decorate Japanese dwarf gardens in the bonsai style.

Podocarp

This evergreen crop lives in mountainous areas that have a tropical climate. It came to European countries only in the first half of the nineteenth century. From that moment on, the plant began to be actively cultivated in open gardens and in warm climates. Podocarp is often grown in a greenhouse and interesting bonsai-style compositions are created from it.

This crop is a creeping shrub no larger than 0.5-2 meters in size. At the same time, in the plant’s homeland there are also tall trees that reach 50 meters.The bushes have a low and outstretched crown, and the trees have a rounded shape.

Podocarp leaves do not look like needles at all. They reach 1.2-10 centimeters in length and have a dark green color. The fruits are juicy berries, similar to cherries. They are purple in color and attached to the shoots with bright red legs.

Parasitaxus

This is a parasitic plant. Among conifers, it is the only one of its kind. The culture grows at an altitude of 500-800 meters. It lives in damp and shady forests. The parasitaxus root system literally penetrates the bark of the main plant and helps it rise to an impressive height. At the same time, this crop is practically not used in garden design, since it is very difficult to grow.

Typically, parasitaxus does not exceed 50 centimeters in height. The plant is characterized by a highly branched crown and a thin trunk measuring 3-7 centimeters. The culture is distinguished by small scale-like leaves that have unusual shades - purple, reddish, red. The cone berries are small in size and do not exceed 10 millimeters in diameter.

Dacridium

This plant is found in mountains and lowland forests that extend to the subequatorial zone. The name of this culture is translated from Greek as “tear”. This is due to the fact that most of these conifers secrete a large amount of resin that flows through the trees. Dacridium belongs to an ancient genus that existed even before the collapse of Gondwana.

The plant is small bushes no larger than 30-80 centimeters in size. Tall trees reach 10-30 meters. They have a wide crown. The diameter of the trees reaches 1.5 meters. The needles are small in size and grow up to 1-2 millimeters. The cones include several fleshy, brightly colored scales.

Falcatifolium

This genus was described in the middle of the last century. The culture inhabits vast territories. Its growth zone extends from New Caledonia to the Malay Peninsula. Ephedra is also found in Borneo and Indonesia. Falcatifolium is the sole host of the related parasitaxus crop.

This plant is characterized by its relatively small size - 2-20 meters. In some cases it reaches 25 meters. The crown has a conical shape and spreading shoots. The trunk reaches a diameter of 80 centimeters and has gray or brownish bark.

The foliage differs in 2 types. It can be regular or scaly. The cones are ovoid or spherical in shape, 6-15 centimeters in length. They have a wide variety of colors - from greenish to purple-red.

Akmopile

This conifer mainly lives in tropical forests, which are located at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level. In nature, akmopile can be seen only in two places - on the island of Fiji and in New Caledonia.

The culture was once quite widespread. However, today it is almost extinct. Fossilized remains of the plant are found in different places - in particular, in Australia. In summer cottages, conifers are grown extremely rarely.

The trees are characterized by a spreading pyramidal crown, which has several drooping branches. The trunk circumference is 10-20 centimeters. The leaves are dimorphic and quite small. Their size does not exceed 4-6 millimeters. The fruits are nut-shaped berries, the length of which is 8-22 millimeters. They have a round shape

Phyllocladus

This is a very unusual plant with modified shoots. They acquired a flat leaf-like shape. At the same time, the leaves themselves have turned into small scales, which are located on the edges of the so-called leaf plates. They are called phyllocladies.

Under natural conditions, phyllocladus lives in New Zealand and on the island of Tasmania. The plant is also found in other places, preferring a height of about 900-4000 meters above the sea surface.

Phyllocladus can be miniature or quite large. In the first case, the plant does not exceed 1.5 meters, in the second it reaches 5-20. This conifer is characterized by a sparse, uneven crown. At the same time, it is quite spreading. The trunk reaches a thickness of 70 centimeters.

The false leaves of the plant grow up to 1.5-12 centimeters in length and have a decorative cut shape. True leaves are very small in size and have a scaly structure.

Ripe cones are small in size. Their length does not exceed 6-15 millimeters. The fruits can be ovoid or spherical. They are distinguished by attractive reddish or purple hues. Phyllocladus is recommended to be grown in a mild, humid climate. It is also often planted in greenhouses.

Saxagothea

Patagonia and Chile are considered the birthplace of this culture. Saxagothea lives in humid and dense tropical forests. There it is combined with other unusual conifers. Since the forties of the nineteenth century, the plant has been grown in the USA and Great Britain.

Saxagothea can reach a height of 10 meters. Some specimens grow up to 15-20 meters. The culture is distinguished by a rounded crown with dense drooping shoots. The trunk reaches a diameter of 2 meters.It is covered with grey-brown bark, which peels off unevenly in the form of flakes.

The leaves are arranged in an irregular spiral and sharply point upward. They reach 15-25 millimeters in length, and 1-2.5 in width. The upper part of the leaves is dark green in color and has a distinct central vein. Below they are distinguished by a greenish tint with blue notes.

Ripe seed cones are gray or purple in color. They are located singly and reach a diameter of 8-12 millimeters. The fruits are conical in shape and include 15-20 fleshy scales. Under natural conditions, saxagothea is a fairly tall tree, but in greenhouses it is grown as a shrub.

Microcachris

This is a very rare culture that is listed in the Red Book. This plant was found only in one place - in the mountainous regions of Tasmania. The culture is found in the west and central part of the island.

Mikrokachris chose the alpine belt for its habitat. The plant is found in damp and marshy soil. At the same time, it rises above sea level to 1250 meters. The unusual appearance and unusual cones make it possible to use microkachris for the decoration of greenhouses and botanical gardens. For example, in Great Britain they began to grow the crop back in the fifties of the nineteenth century and even managed to get its fruits.

The height of this plant does not exceed 20-30 centimeters. This is a creeping shrub that has highly branched shoots. They are able to stretch up to 1.5-2.5 meters. The plant is distinguished by long ascending shoots and small scaly leaves. At the tips of the shoots there are crimson or red cones, inside of which there are edible fruits.

Coniferous plants can decorate any summer cottage. At the same time, it is important to choose the right crop depending on the climatic conditions of the area and provide it with complete and high-quality care.