Due to the nature of cultivation, grapes may not grow in all regions. Mostly, the south is considered a favorable climatic zone for cultivating this fruit. But there are varieties that are suitable for growing in other latitudes. For example, the Chasselas grape variety also has frost-resistant varieties.
Chasselas grape variety: description
The shoot of this variety is small and pubescent. Burgundy-colored shoot.A year after planting the seedling, a reddish stem appears and the edge becomes harder. The leaves are large, light emerald in color in all varieties of the variety.
Chasselas grapes are characterized by high yields. In addition, the advantage of the variety is its resistance to fungal diseases. But for prevention purposes, the bushes should still be treated.
The grapes are also able to tolerate moderate winter frosts. The plant does not tolerate drought well, especially the upper branches, so on dry days the grapes need abundant watering. The variety grows on all types of soil.
Types of Chasselas
There are several varieties of the Chasselas grape variety. They all differ in the external characteristics and taste of the fruit. The most important difference between the varieties is the shade of the grapes. It ranges from white to burgundy.
White
It was previously believed that this variety was the earliest grape variety until new hybrids were developed. White Chasselas is a table hybrid. But in some regions, technical varieties are grown from which wine is made.
Medium sized clusters. Weight is up to 190 g. The shape of the bunch is round, the grapes are green-yellow in color. One berry weighs about 22 g. The taste is sweet, without a pronounced aroma.
Pink
Chasselas Rosé is a French table grape. The hybrid was obtained by crossing Chasselas Royal and Fintendo. Chasselas Rose is characterized by lower yields compared to white and pink-burgundy grapes. Otherwise, the characteristics of the hybrid are similar to the white variety.
Ramminga
Ramminga is a table hybrid. The advantage of this hybrid is its frost resistance and resistance to crop diseases.Young bushes are characterized by rapid growth and average yield levels. Up to 4 kg of grapes are harvested from one adult bush. The clusters are large. Ripe grapes are light green in color. The taste of the fruit is sweet, with a slight nutmeg flavor.
Characteristics of the variety
Before purchasing a grapevine seedling, you need to study all the characteristics. First of all, attention is paid to ripening time, disease resistance and yield.
Ripening time
Chasselas grapes are varieties with early ripening clusters. The bunches reach biological ripeness 130-140 days after the ovaries appear. Depending on the region of planting, the ripening time of the bunches varies, but not significantly. In the southern regions, ripening begins several weeks earlier than in central and northern latitudes.
Resistance to diseases and pests
Resistance to diseases and pests varies among different types of Chasselas grapes, but most hybrids are characterized by weak resistance to mildew and a number of fungal diseases. To prevent the appearance of diseases or pests, grape bushes are sprayed with chemicals several times a season.
With timely preventive measures, diseases and pests will not have a negative impact on yields.
Description of the berry
The shape of the bunch is oval, slightly elongated towards the base, the berries fit tightly to each other. On average, one brush weighs up to 250 g. The berries are light green. The weight of one berry is 20-25 g. The skin is dense. The taste of ripe fruits in all varieties is sweet. Some varieties of the hybrid do not have a pronounced grape aroma. The pulp is juicy and pleasant to the taste.
Growing and care
From correctness planting grapevines the further productivity of the plant depends.It is important to choose the right soil and plant the seedling in open ground. Another important part is caring for young seedlings and adult plants.
How to prune a vine
The vine is pruned for the first time in the spring. It is necessary to remove all shoots except the two central buds. After pruning, move these buds to the side. With the onset of autumn, after all the leaves have fallen, a second pruning is carried out. All branches are deleted except the two main ones. 2 buds are left on one branch, 4 on the second.
The following year in the fall, all shoots of the vine are cut off, except for the two central ones. Two branches are left on each central branch. In the third year, the length of the central branches is adjusted, not allowing them to grow far, and some of the shoots that grew on the main branches over the summer are cut off. In autumn, grapes are pruned only after leaf fall. If you do this earlier, the stems will release juice.
Irrigation and fertilization
Despite the fact that grapes are drought-resistant crops, they still require watering. In spring, when shoot growth is just beginning, the plant requires a large amount of water. It is recommended to water the vine several times a week.
In summer, irrigation is aimed at maintaining soil moisture and preventing it from drying out. You can water once a week. Before and after the flowering period, it is not advisable to moisten the grapes. Watering is carried out to shed the ovaries.
The plant needs water most during the period when the grapes are filling. Watering the grapes needed several times a week. If it's hot outside, water every other day. The last time the vine is irrigated is before the onset of frost.
In addition, fertilizing is important.In the first half of the season, the vine needs nitrogen, since nitrogen has a positive effect on the growth of inflorescences and ovaries.
The second fertilizing is applied during flowering. During this period, any fertilizer is suitable. The third time fertilizer is applied to the soil during the formation of ovaries. They use phosphorus and potassium, as well as organic matter. Fertilize the soil for the last time before winter. Manure, compost, ash and other organic fertilizers are used.
Protection from diseases and pests
The Chasselas variety often suffers from fungal diseases, so it is important to regularly inspect the bush and carry out preventive procedures in a timely manner.
One of the dangerous grape diseases is phylloxera. Before planting, the chibuki are placed in hot water for several minutes. This will allow the planting material to be disinfected.
Treatment of bushes with “Karbofos” during the flowering period helps against bunchworm. Two weeks after the butterflies appear, the bushes are sprayed with Kinmiks or Sumialfa.
Grape itch is combated by spraying the bushes with Neor or Apollo. The grapes are processed during the period of bud release.
Powdery mildew or powdery mildew is also found on grape bushes. To prevent disease, dry leaves and clusters are removed from the site in the fall. It is also important to thin out the plantings in time and prevent thickening.
How to harvest and use the crop
Mature clusters are carefully cut with a knife so as not to damage the plant. Grapes are eaten fresh or used to make homemade wines and compotes.
