Which apple trees are best to plant at a dacha in the Moscow region, description and characteristics of varieties

When choosing the best apple tree varieties for the Moscow region, many criteria are taken into account. The crop must withstand autumn cold and frosty winter days and resist infections and pests. The frequency of fruiting, the timing of the start of fruit harvesting and their taste are also taken into account. Therefore, when choosing a variety, you definitely need to get acquainted with all the characteristics.

Climatic features of the region

The climate in the Moscow region is variable, characterized by low temperatures in the winter months. In summer the weather can be hot and dry or rainy and cool. Such conditions often cause the death of an apple tree due to freezing and fungal infections.

To maintain the size of the crop and not lose the planted tree, you need to choose zoned varieties. When choosing a variety for planting at a dacha in the Moscow region, the emphasis is on frost tolerance and high immunity to fungal infections.

What properties should an apple tree have for good growth and productivity in the Moscow region?

To harvest a good harvest of apples, you need to choose varieties that resist pests and diseases, are not afraid of low temperatures and quickly recover in case of freezing. When choosing the best variety, ripening time, fruiting periods and pollination methods are also taken into account.

The choice is also made in favor of self-pollinating apple trees. These varieties of apple trees bear fruit without pollinating insects. Such varieties of culture for the Moscow region include: Pepin Saffron, Melba, Welsey.

External parameters

Tall varieties of apple trees grow up to 7 meters, the crown is wide. They are distinguished by a well-developed root system that penetrates deep into the soil. Therefore, there should be at least 2.5 meters from the surface to groundwater. Large apple trees live and bear fruit longer; they do not need to be watered too often. The yield is consistently high.

Medium-sized trees (semi-dwarfs) grow no more than 5 meters in height. The main part of their root system is located at a depth of 20-35 cm. All varieties are demanding on soil and regular watering. They begin to bear fruit earlier than tall crop varieties.

Low-growing varieties of apple trees have a short trunk, up to 2.5 meters high. The root system deepens one meter. Low trees take up little space and create almost no shade; they begin to bear fruit early. In case of pest attacks and infections, it is easier to cope with the problem. These trees are easy to harvest. The root system is sensitive to moisture, so waterlogging of the soil leads to its damage.

Frost resistance

Almost all types of apple trees can tolerate frosts down to -20 degrees. But the air in the Moscow region can drop to -30 degrees, so frost-resistant varieties of apple trees are chosen.

Winter-hardy varieties of fruit crops that can be planted in the garden of the Moscow region: Anise, Orlinka, Aport, Slavyanka, Yellow ribbed, Mirnoye, Semerenko, Antonovka, Bogatyr.

Immunity to diseases

The apple tree is often exposed to various diseases, especially of fungal origin. Diseases such as powdery mildew, scab, and cytosporosis can not only reduce the amount of yield, but can also lead to the complete death of the tree.

Summer in the Moscow region is characterized by rainy and cloudy days. These conditions are most favorable for fungus. Therefore, you need to choose apple trees with good immunity.

Experts have developed immune species of apple trees that are resistant to many fungal diseases, including scab. Such apple trees begin to produce large fruits early and withstand frost.

Scab-resistant types of fruit trees that are recommended to be grown in the Moscow region: Orlinka, Lungwort, Yablochny Spas, Zhigulevskoye, Slavyanin, Start, Freshness.

Precocity

Varieties that are distinguished by the early onset of fruiting are most often purchased by gardeners. Seedlings begin to produce fruits 2-3 years after planting.

Self-fertile varieties of apple trees pollinate themselves, so the fruits are set without pollinators. But to obtain a large and numerous harvest, you should try to lure insects that pollinate during the flowering period. Moskovskaya Grushovka, Arkadik, Medunitsa, Antonovka, Belyi Naliv.

Early fruiting varieties of apple trees: Beforest, Papirovka, Stark, Erliest. The first harvest is harvested three years later. Apple trees feel good after severe frosts, and the harvested crop is stored for many months.

Varieties of summer apple trees

Summer varieties of apple trees have fruits that are juicy and sweet. Their shelf life is no more than three weeks. The ripening of the crop begins in the middle of the summer period.

The early summer variety White Naliv tolerates frosty days in winter well and resists fungal infections. The white pulp of the fruit is sweet, with a slight sourness. Average weight is 100 g. Fruiting occurs every year, the yield is numerous. The tree belongs to the medium-sized group, the crown is lush and wide.

The candy apple is distinguished by its good tolerance to cold winters and the formation of a large harvest. The fruits weigh 90 g, with a sweet taste and caramel aroma. The culture is medium-sized. The trunk grows up to 4.5 meters, the crown does not grow much. Subject to scab.

Melba is considered a common species. Yellow-red fruits with a sour-caramel taste begin to be collected at the end of summer. The weight of each fruit is approximately 130 g. The tree trunk reaches 5.5 meters. Young trees bear fruit every year, while old trees bear fruit periodically.

Moscow pear produces early fruits weighing up to 95 g. The pulp is sweetish, with sour notes. The peel is yellow with reddish patches. Numerous harvests are formed every two years.The apple tree is a tall type of tree with a wide crown. The height of the trunk reaches 6 meters.

Lungwort is a mid-early summer crop. The pulp of the fruit tastes honey-sweet. The color of ripe fruit is yellow-red. The tree grows high, the crown is powerful and spreading. It tolerates frosty winters well and rarely gets sick.

Other common varieties of summer apples include: Orlinka, Arkadik, Yablochny Spas, Chudnoe.

Recommended autumn apple tree species

On autumn varieties of apple trees, the fruits begin to ripen in early September. After harvesting, they continue to ripen for another two weeks. Apples can be stored for up to 4 months under optimal conditions.

The Autumn Striped variety has won one of the first places among other varieties. The tree grows up to 9 meters, the branches are spreading, medium-leafy. The yield is plentiful. Delicious, yellow fruits with red-raspberry splashes weigh 125 g. The variety withstands frosty days in winter and rarely gets sick.

Antonovka is distinguished by numerous yields and good immunity. The crop is tall, the branches with dense foliage are wide. The yellow-green fruits are covered with a light waxy coating and weigh up to 155 g. The pulp has a sweet taste and is slightly sour. The fruits can be collected every year.

The Brown Striped apple tree has a tall growth pattern, the branches grow widely, and the yield is numerous. Yellow-green fruits weighing 125 g will attract you with their sweet taste with a slight sourness. The variety feels good after frosty days and rarely suffers from fungal infections.

Striped anise produces a numerous and high-quality harvest for several decades. The tree grows high and the branches spread widely. Tolerates frosty winters and dry summers well.It begins to bear fruit after five years. The red fruits, which weigh 85 g, have yellow, sweet flesh.

Other autumn varieties of fruit crops that are planted in the Moscow region include: Slavyanin, Uslada, Flagman, Zhigulevskoe, Shtrifel.

Winter varieties

The ripening of winter types of fruit crops coincides with the last days of September. After harvesting, ripening continues for 3-4 weeks. Fruits are stored for a long time, up to 7 months.

In the Moscow region, it is recommended to plant the Moskovskoe variety later. The apple tree is characterized by frost resistance. Apples can be stored for many months without losing their juiciness and sweetness. The tree belongs to the medium-sized growth type with spreading branches. Fruiting of the seedling begins after 6 years. Weight of yellow-red fruits 175 g.

Among the winter species, Pepin Saffron is distinguished by its numerous harvest and good frost tolerance. The red-yellow fruits weigh 85 g and have a juicy pulp with a sweet taste.

The Zvezdochka variety is characterized by medium-sized, juicy fruits weighing up to 95 g. The peel is reddish in color, the pulp has a sweet taste. The apple tree resists frost well, and infections rarely occur.

Gardeners will appreciate the taste apples Moscow necklace. Yellow-red fruits weighing up to 200 g are dense and sweet in taste. Culture of columnar growth type. The positive qualities of the species include high productivity and the ability to withstand frosty winters.

Other popular late varieties include: Bogatyr, Martovskoe, Orlovskaya Zarya, Rossiyanka.

Description and characteristics of early ripening species

Early ripening varieties of apples begin to ripen in the summer.Almost all types of early ripening varieties for the Moscow region are characterized by average frost resistance and periodic fruiting. The ability to resist fungal infections is average.

The White Filling variety, known to all gardeners, is distinguished by good frost resistance and numerous yields. The fruits taste sweet, with a pleasant sourness. Bears fruit every year.

The Papirovka variety apple tree is medium-sized, with long branches and dense foliage. The culture is characterized by average frost resistance and high disease resistance. In rainy summers he often suffers from scab. Fruiting is annual. The fruits are yellow in color, with sweet pulp, weigh 95 g.

The Early Sweet variety feels good after frost and rarely suffers from fungal diseases. Fruiting of the seedling begins after two years. The weight of yellow apples is 110 g, the pulp has a sweet aftertaste.

Advantages of modern varieties

New varieties of apple trees include: Marat Busurin, Welsey, Solnyshko, Arkadik, Borovinka, Antey, Tatiana's Day, Ivushka.

The modern variety is Arkadik. It is characterized by persistent frost tolerance, numerous yields and resistance to infections, including scab. The tree reaches a height of 4 meters. Fruiting of the seedling begins after two years. The fruits weigh 125 g, their skin is reddish, and the taste of the pulp is sweet and sour.

Borovinka is one of the early autumn new species. The apple tree tolerates frosty days well and produces numerous fruits in 1-2 years. The variety is susceptible to diseases and pest attacks. The crop is medium-sized, medium-leaved. The color of the fruit is yellowish, their weight is 85 g.

The autumn variety Marat Busurin is rarely found in gardens. The flesh of large apples is sweet, but with some notes of sourness.The skin is white marble color with red splashes. The trees are of semi-dwarf growth type and tolerate winter frosts well.

Apple Spas is one of the modern varieties of tall apple trees. It never suffers from scab and tolerates winter with frosty days well. Fruits weighing up to 190 g are yellow with pink streaks.