Characteristics and description of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree variety, planting and care

A gardener's dream is fruit crops that do not require special care, bear fruit regularly, and are resistant to diseases and pests. And for areas with frosty and snowy winters, they would tolerate low temperatures well and withstand spring frosts without being damaged. Among such plants we can highlight the Venyaminovskaya apple tree, which has many positive qualities with a minimum of negative ones.

Description and additional characteristics of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree

The work on creating the hybrid took a long time and ended successfully in 1998, when the variety was included in the State Register of Fruit Crops. The apple tree was obtained by free pollination of the immune form. The collected seeds were carefully sorted, and only those that produced excellent fruit were selected. The crop is a winter species that regularly produces high yields of apples.

Tree height

The variety bears fruit on large trees with a rounded crown. Depending on the rootstock, the height of the apple tree varies from 3.5 meters to 5, less often 7 meters. Gray branches are located sparsely and point upward.

They are covered with glossy green leaves, short, with a sharp screw-shaped tip and a partially wrinkled surface.

Annual growth

Young shoots appear annually, giving an increase of 50 centimeters. They are curved, geniculate, and covered with brownish bark.

Productivity

Young trees at the beginning of fruiting produce 25-30 kilograms of apples. With increasing age, yields increase to 100 kilograms. At 8-11 years old, regrafted apple trees were famous for their yield of 150 centners per hectare.

Tasting assessment

The fruits of the apple tree are very tasty and dessert. They note:

• conical shape with medium ribbing;
• greenish color followed by yellowing;
• integumentary blush over the entire surface;
• a large number of subcutaneous points, grayish;
• deep funnel;
• weight 140 grams, less often 200.

Apples with greenish-white juicy flesh.The tasting rating for varietal fruits is 4.5 points.

Winter hardiness

The Venyaminovskoe variety is one of the frost-resistant crops. Even at minus 40 degrees, the buds on the branches are slightly damaged. Sometimes the fruit part of the tree freezes during frosty winters, but the apple tree recovers quickly, starting to bear fruit after 2-3 years.

Disease resistance

The Venyaminovskoye apple tree hybrid has a gene for immunity to scab. As a result of the tests, no disease symptoms were observed in the trees. The culture is moderately resistant to other fungal infections. It all depends on proper care and growing conditions.

Lifespan of a tree

The recently appeared variety has become popular, as high yields are collected from it until the tree is old. It begins 30 or 50 years after the start of fruiting. The lifespan of a tree depends on what rootstocks were used to grow the crop.

Pros and cons of the variety

When choosing a Venyaminovskoe apple tree for planting, they are guided by the fact that it:

• absolutely resistant to scab;
• does not freeze and quickly recovers from severe winter cold;
• It bears fruit with dessert-flavored apples, which are used in children's and dietary foods.

The disadvantages of the hybrid include the smallness of the fruits and extended ripening periods, from September to October. Apple trees also require pollinators to set fruit.

Features of planting an apple tree

For a fruit plant, the timing and rules of planting are important. They give impetus to growth and development. It is necessary to prepare the planting site in advance, select such rootstocks for the variety so that the tree is large and more fruits are collected from it.

When to plant a tree

The best time to plant an apple tree is early spring before the buds open.Autumn planting is carried out before October 10 in places where winter begins early and snow falls. If seedlings are purchased later than this period, then they must be buried in grooves up to half a meter deep. The roots are especially carefully covered with soil, compacting the soil.

Preparation of seedlings

The garden needs annual trees with a developed root system. You can also choose two-year-old specimens. Before planting, the trees must be buried in moist soil. If they are transported to the dacha, then the roots are dipped into an earthen mash. You can keep it in it for up to 1 day so that the roots do not dry out.

Before planting, inspect the root system, removing broken and diseased parts. In biennial crops, the above-ground part is cut to a third of its length. This applies to the side branches; the top of the central shoot is shortened so that it remains 20 centimeters higher than the side branches.

Selection and preparation of a site

Apple trees need a lot of sun, but the influence of cold winds is dangerous for them. You should not choose a low-lying area for plants, otherwise they will die from the cold air.

It is necessary to prepare a place for trees of the Venyaminovskoe variety in advance. For this:

• dig up the ground to a depth of 30-40 centimeters;
• apply 4-6 buckets of manure and mineral fertilizers per square meter of garden;
• on podzolic soils add up to 2 kilograms of lime;
• harrow the area and cultivate it.

2-3 weeks before planting, they dig holes 50-60 centimeters deep and up to 80-100 wide. If you plan to plant in the spring, you can dig planting holes in the fall.

On different rootstocks

If you use the Venyaminskoye variety on rootstocks when planting, you need to know how much area to allocate for apple trees.For medium-sized trees, a distance between plants of 3-4 meters is enough, for vigorous trees - up to 5-6 meters.

Distance between seedlings

Before digging holes, mark the area to determine the distance required between seedlings. For large trees, the width of the crown of an adult plant is taken into account, so the gap is made at 6 meters. Make a smaller distance of 2 meters if the crop is grafted onto a medium-sized or dwarf rootstock.

Planting scheme

The sequence of planting the Venyaminovskoe apple tree consists of the following actions:

1. Fill the hole 2 thirds with a nutrient mixture of fertile soil, humus and mineral fertilizers.
2. Fill the mound in the middle of the hole with a bucket of humus.
3. Stick in a peg.
4. Place a seedling on a mound nearby.
5. Cover the roots of the tree.
6. Compact the soil around the trunk.
7. Water the tree trunk circle and mulch it with peat or humus.

All actions are carried out consistently and competently. A roller is made to mark the boundaries of the hole.

How to properly care

Naturally growing trees require careful care, especially at first, when the skeleton of the apple tree is being laid. All care activities are aimed at increasing the plant’s ability to protect itself from winter frosts and diseases.

Pruning and crown formation

The spreading crown of the apple tree requires shaping. It is necessary to achieve an improved shape with 4-7 skeletal branches by shortening and thinning the branches. In order for the tree to branch, annual shoots are shortened by a quarter of the length of the annual growth. If the apple tree has strong branching, the procedure is not necessary.

When the tree has acquired a spreading, rounded crown with the correct arrangement of branches, the pruning is reduced.Partially, they only thin out the branches, removing diseased specimens, as well as hanging, defective ones. The main work is carried out in autumn and spring.

Pollinator varieties

Since the Venyaminovskoe variety is self-sterile, apple trees are planted nearby for pollination. The best crops for the hybrid will be such crops as Vyaznikovskaya, Arkad summer, Sharopai.

Feeding and watering

Before fruiting begins, plants are fertilized in poor soils. Among the main fertilizers for planting apple trees, choose manure, which is enough for 1 square meter of 2-3 kilograms, superphosphate - 50 grams, ammonium nitrate and potassium salt - 15 grams each. Trees need to be fed in the fall before digging. And in the spring you need nitrogen fertilizers. It is better to apply fertilizer in the grooves located at a distance of 75 centimeters from each other and 1.5 meters from the trunk of the apple tree. The crop needs potassium and phosphorus after flowering, then in July.

Apple trees are irrigated up to 4-5 times during the summer. Pour up to 60-100 liters of water under one tree.

Loosening the soil

It is important to constantly loosen the soil in the garden. Garden forks are used for the procedure. It is optimal to carry out loosening and digging 4-5 times per season.

Installation of catch belts

To protect the apple tree from pests, special belts are prepared to stop the spread of parasites. Belts can be made from strips of cardboard, burlap, or plastic film. Attach a strip in the form of a skirt to the tree trunk, tying it tightly with twine on top. Larvae trying to climb up the trunk of an apple tree from the ground fall into a trap. You can moisten the belt with an insecticidal preparation, then the insects and their larvae will die.

Diseases and pests

The apple tree variety is a carrier of the Vf gene, which protects against scab. But other diseases damage trees if not properly cared for.It could be powdery mildew, cytosporosis. The disease can be identified by spots on the leaves and stopping the plant from developing. It is necessary to fight the infection with fungicides, spraying the plants three times. The most dangerous pest is aphids, which are carried by ants. Hunting belts will save you from insect attacks.

Growing in regions

Climatic conditions are favorable for growing the Venyaminovskoye apple tree in the Central, North Caucasus region, and Moscow region. But it is advised to plant a tree in areas with a cold climate, covering it for the winter.

Harvest and storage

Fruiting of the tree begins in the 4-5th year of life. The fruits reach technical ripeness in September. Apples are harvested throughout the month, beginning at the beginning of October in warm regions. But they begin to eat the fruits from late October to February. They are stored at a temperature of plus 2-3 degrees in cellars and basements with an air humidity of 70-80%. Juices and compotes are prepared from apples.