Norm and timing of sowing barley per 1 ha in kg, cultivation technology and crop rotation

One of the main grain crops, barley, requires compliance with agrotechnical methods when growing. Let's consider the crop's requirements for growing conditions, what the predecessors should be, what are the timing and methods of sowing in agriculture, and the sowing rate of barley per 1 hectare in kg. How to sow grain, care for the crop and protection from possible diseases.

Recommended predecessors

For barley for grain, the best predecessors are row crops: root crops, corn, potatoes, cereal-legume mixtures, legumes, perennial forage grasses, oats, buckwheat, flax. An important rule of crop rotation is the application of fertilizers to the crops, which are then partially used by barley.

For spring barley, the predecessors can be winter crops grown in clean, pre-fertilized fallow. It is not advisable to sow barley over barley; there will not be enough nutrients in the soil, because plants of the same species draw the same nutrients from the soil. Plus, the likelihood of contracting common diseases increases.

Requirements for moisture, soil, light and heat

Barley can withstand heat of 40°C and is considered the most drought-resistant crop. Plants intensively consume water during the booting phase and at the beginning of the heading phase. Lack of moisture during this period negatively affects pollen; some flowers remain unpollinated, which reduces yield.

This is a long-day crop; the lack of lighting leads to a delay in the onset of the heading phase. The duration of the growing season is 60-110 days.

The crop has high requirements for acidity and soil fertility. It does not tolerate acidic soils and develops poorly in poor soils. Low yields are obtained on waterlogged, sandy, light-textured and saline soils.

Dates and methods of sowing

In spring, barley can be sown earlier than all grain crops. In the Rostov region and in the south-eastern regions, exceeding the sowing time by a week leads to the loss of a third of the crop, in the Central Black Earth Zone - a quarter of the crop, in the Non-Black Earth Region - by 10-15%.

You can sow in the forest-steppe zone of the Kemerovo region and in Siberia on May 15-25, in the Asian part of Russia on May 20-30, so that tillering occurs during the rainy period in summer. In Kuban, Crimea and Central Asian countries, cultivation can begin as early as February.

Spring barley is sown using narrow-row or cross-row methods, which are preferable because they increase the grain yield per unit area compared to the usual row method.

Barley consumption rate per 1 ha in kg

How many seeds are needed in kg per hectare and in pieces, depending on the growing zone, can be seen in the table:

These are approximate standards, they are subject to clarification depending on the agrotechnical and soil conditions of the area. Under favorable conditions, you can take the minimum standards.

Planting depth

The depth to which the seeds need to be planted depends on the type of soil. In heavy clay soils, the depth should be small - 3-4 cm, in light sandy loam - 5-6 cm, if the seed layer dries out quickly - 6-8 cm.

For sowing, you need to use anchor seeders, which allow for earlier and more uniform sowing. The swelling of barley seeds is slow, so it is imperative to embed them in a slightly compacted, moist layer of soil.

Sowing process

Before sowing, the area where grains grew is treated with disk hulls to a depth of 8-12 cm. If row crops were grown, cultivation is carried out. Germinating weeds are removed by cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, the second treatment should be carried out to the depth of the arable layer.

Before sowing, it is necessary to treat the seeds with any disinfectant against fungal diseases and pests.

Care and protection from diseases

Barley care includes protective treatment with drugs against weeds, pests and diseases. The first stage of care is post-sowing rolling, which is carried out to improve the water and thermal conditions and ensure uniformity of seedlings.

On heavy, moist soils, harrowing is carried out on the seedlings; the treatment destroys weeds, increases the air permeability of the top layer of soil and loosens it. After heavy rain, after which a crust has formed, but seedlings have not yet appeared, harrowing is also carried out to destroy the compaction.

Treatment with herbicides is done in the tillering phases and the beginning of eruption into the tube. Experiments have shown that after spraying with herbicides in barley crops, up to 98% of weeds are destroyed, which leads to an increase in yield by several centners per hectare. At the same time, the plants are fertilized with nitrogen (ammonium sulfate or urea) or with potassium humate on the leaves. Optimal nutrition during the tillering phase weakens the influence of negative weather factors on barley and allows it to resist diseases and pests.

Pre-sowing and post-emergence application of a fertilizer complex for grains into the soil creates favorable conditions for rapid and friendly germination and development of young plants, significantly reduces the amount of harmful insect fauna, increases the resistance of barley to damage by ground beetles, Hessian and grain flies, wireworms, aphids, thrips, and grain beetles. . However, during dry seasons, the health-improving effect of mineral fertilizers is almost not noticeable.

Barley, as the most drought-resistant crop, is recommended for cultivation in regions where natural moisture is insufficient. Due to the relatively short growing season, it produces a stable harvest on fertile sandy and loamy soils.

Agricultural technology for growing crops includes pre-sowing tillage, sowing at the right time, fertilizing, harrowing, pesticide treatments, and timely harvesting. When sowing, it is important to take into account not only the timing, but also the seed sowing rates per hectare. It is important to adhere to the norm: both its increase and decrease leads to a shortage of grain during harvesting.