When planting a garden or summer cottage, it is not necessary to give it to one type - potatoes, tomatoes or flowers. You can fill the area with different plants, using a reasonable combination of useful crops. Selecting seeds and seeding material based on collected and processed information will allow you to avoid the typical mistakes of novice amateur gardeners. This material will help you understand the variety of garden soybean varieties.
Description of the plant
Soybeans are annual herbaceous plants, sometimes called soybeans (cultivated and edible species). It is cultivated everywhere, in different parts of the world. It is distinguished by the following characteristics, which explain its high popularity:
- good yield;
- high percentage of protein;
- microelements and vitamins;
- use as a therapeutic agent (for osteoporosis).
In addition, soybeans are used to prepare various dishes (and as a substitute for meat or milk), and they are also used to fatten animals.
Early soybean varieties
It is not surprising that in 9 cases out of 10, when choosing a variety, preference will be given to the early one. Rapid planting and ripening ensure that the land is freed up for sowing another crop, and therefore increases the efficiency of using the plot.
One of the fastest-ripening species, Bilyavka, ripens in about 80 days, rising in height by almost a meter and bearing large, densely structured beans. The next variety, Annushka, ripens in 85 days and grows to a height of 110 centimeters. Anastasia is distinguished by increased productivity; beans of this type grow in 95 days (sometimes earlier). Among other early varieties, agronomists know Alliance, Sandra, Smuglyanka and Mavka.
High-yielding soybean varieties
High-yielding, that is, especially abundantly fruiting varieties, form a separate category - by planting them, farmers will receive a guaranteed stable result in the form of a large number of large, strong beans. It is important that through the efforts of breeders, these species have acquired another indicator - unpretentiousness in cultivation. These varieties include:
- Vilana;
- Lyra;
- Slavia;
- Chara.
Important.Soybean yield potential ranges from 2 to 5.7 tons per hectare, each seed will contain up to 40% protein and 23% oil. The height of the stems of an adult plant is on average about 140 centimeters, the rows of lower beans begin at 14-15 centimeters from the ground.
Soybean varieties in Russia
Unfortunately, not all soybeans grow in the Russian Federation due to the wide variation in climatic zones and regions. At the same time, there are species that perfectly retain their characteristics in the conditions of central Russia. These are Amur varieties, Oressa, as well as Annushka, Vilana, Lantsentnaya, Belgorodskaya.
Specialized centers (about 15 of them) are engaged in breeding Russian soybeans; they are developing species for the Far East, Siberia, the Urals, and northern regions. Description of the entire variety of created varieties will take too long a period of time, these include Lira with a vegetative period of up to 96 days, high-yielding Vilana, as well as Lika and Chara, which exceed it in this indicator (up to 3 tons of beans per hectare).
In the Krasnodar Territory and the Caucasus region, the Lyra bean variety takes root well: full ripening occurs in 90-100 days, the plant is not sensitive to lack of heat, and resists drought well.
The characteristic yellow beans reach ripeness in mid-August and are almost not susceptible to the usual diseases of such crops.
In the Far East, early ripening Soer-1 and Samer-3 are grown; their seeds have a large amount of protein and can be stored on the stem for up to 25 days. There are specially bred early legumes that are not susceptible to lodging and pests, which increases the scope of soybeans, from food varieties to feed, for raising animals and processing on an industrial scale.
Such a wide selection allows you to find your “right” type, with predetermined indicators and guaranteed productivity.
Which soybean variety is best to choose?
The choice of a specific variety is associated with several factors:
- The climate zone in which the crop will be grown.
- Yield requirements (medium, high, whatever).
- Growing season.
- Additional terms and conditions.
According to the first indicator, the spread is large - from the Rostov region, the Caucasus, with their relatively mild climate, to Siberia and the Urals, which are characterized by cold winters and not very hot summers. Modern types of beans (Altom or SibNIIK 315) comfortably take root in the southern part of the West Siberian region, and they are also among the early ones.
The ability to bear fruit (yield) is not always combined with frost resistance or taste; it is no coincidence that this indicator is listed as a separate item. High-yielding species (Annushka) often have good disease resistance and are among the best among hybrid crops.
Of the early crops, Diona, Harmony or Okskaya are recommended - their growing season does not exceed 85 days, species with average ripening (Valyuta, Medea) ripen in 95 days, late ones (Liana, Danae) bear fruit in 110 days. Additional conditions include resistance to drought, the ability to stand for a long time without shedding (up to 25 days), and so on. And taking into account their own preferences, they choose a soybean variety with the required indicators.
