Despite the fact that many varieties of cherries have been developed that take root and bear fruit not only in Ukraine, Moldova, the southern regions of Russia, but also in the central regions, black cherries do not give up their position. Sweet and sour berries are used for compotes for the winter, aromatic jams and preserves are prepared, which are much tastier than cherries. Hybrid cherries with large juicy fruits were developed through selection by Voronchikhin, crossing different types of garden crops.
Black cherry varieties
The tree grows 4–5 meters in height and forms a wide pyramidal crown. The leaves are attached to thick petioles, and flowers appear in the third year of planting. At the end of July, dark-colored berries weighing about 6 g ripen on the branches of black cherry. More than a dozen varieties of this variety of garden plant are cultivated.
Cherry Vladimirskaya
In the Middle Volga region, in the central regions of North-West Russia, in the Volga-Vyatka region, a tall and self-sterile variety - Vladimir cherry - has been planted for a very long time. The tree tolerates cold winters normally, but frosts, which often occur in May, cause the flowers to fall off and die.
The black-red berries, with dense, aromatic pulp, ripen by the end of July. Small bones separate well. With proper care and favorable weather, the tree will ripen about 20 kg of sweet and sour berries. The plant is often affected by fungal diseases and bears fruit for up to 15 years if plant it next to the cherry treesthat bloom at the same time.
Griot Rossoshansky
In the North Caucasus and the Lower Volga region, a stone fruit variety that is not afraid of rot and produces a stable harvest takes root well, which increases if other black cherries grow nearby. From a tree about 6 meters high in the last days of June, 15–16 kg of berries are collected, which differ:
- sweetish taste;
- beautiful dark skin;
- juicy and tender pulp;
- garden aroma.
Cherries of the Griot Rossoshansky variety are poorly transported, but are suitable for making jams and compotes. The plant is often subject to coccomycosis; repeated spraying with fungicides helps prevent the disease.
Cherry Zhukovskaya
Trees of this variety begin to bloom and delight with large berries already in the fourth year after planting.The flesh of the fruit is black. To the advantages cherries Zhukovskaya include:
- high yield - up to 3 buckets per tree;
- excellent taste;
- excellent transportability;
- resistance to major diseases.
One berry weighs about 7 grams, and the tree bears fruit for two decades, but the inflorescences fall off even with slight frosts.
Rossoshanskaya Black
Both in the favorable climate of the North Caucasus, the Lower Volga region, and in the harsh conditions of Siberia and the Trans-Urals, a self-fertile variety of stone fruit crop, the Rossoshanskaya Black cherry, takes root. The first berries appear on a three-year-old tree; an adult plant produces a harvest of 15 to 25 kg. Although the flowers form late, the fruits ripen as early as June.
Cherries look very beautiful, have a rich brown color, and the pulp is very pleasant to the taste. From berries that are normally transported, aromatic compotes are obtained.
Black Large
The hybrid cherry, which appeared with the participation of the Russian breeder Voronchikhin, is a low tree with a dense crown and long shoots. The bark of the plant is dark brown in color, and the leaves are glossy, with small teeth along the edges.
A large cherry berry has:
- thin skin;
- juicy pulp;
- rich color;
- sweet and sour taste.
Some specimens weigh 8 g. The tree begins to bear fruit at the age of four. Cherries ripen in the last days of June, do not spoil in the refrigerator for about 2 months and are used for freezing, drying, making compotes and jams.
The variety has not only advantages, but also disadvantages. The tree lives less than 20 years and is affected by fungi.
Morel Bryanskaya
This variety of cherries was developed in the Netherlands more than 2 centuries ago.Depending on the variety, it can grow both as a shrub and as a tree with a lush crown. Morel is planted in country houses and gardens. The unpretentious crop tolerates cold winters well and does not suffer from fungal diseases or most pests. Such varieties are sprayed with insecticides only once per season.
Morel Bryanskaya is grown on an industrial basis in the Central region.
The description of the variety attracted interest from farmers. Cherries delight with sweet berries that are dark red in color and have dense pulp. Picking fruits and trimming branches is quite convenient, since the tree does not stretch upward. The plant blooms at the end of May, when frosts are rare, so it will reward you with an excellent harvest for proper care.
Consumer goods Black
The short, beautiful cherry, whose slightly flattened berries seem to be covered with varnish, does not lose popularity. The variety called Shirpotreb Chernaya was bred in a nursery founded by Ivan Michurin at the beginning of the last century.
The first fruits on the tree are set in the second year after planting in the ground. Cherries ripen in July, differing in:
- tender and durable pulp;
- sweetish taste;
- presence of sourness.
The berries are completely black, weigh about 4 g, and are located on a long stalk. The yield of the variety increases if cherries grow nearby - Vladimirskaya or Zhukovskaya. The tree does not tolerate cold winters well and suffers from May frosts.
Memory of Voronchikhina
When crossing Spectacular and Prima, Russian breeders at the beginning of the 2000s created a new variety of black cherry, which was named after one of them. The tree, up to 5 meters high, has a spreading crown, straight shoots with large buds, and thick oval-shaped leaves.
Dark cherry berries weigh a little more than 5 g, the pulp has the same color, and the skin is dense. The bone is difficult to separate. The Memory Voronchikhina variety bears fruit in the third year; under favorable conditions, 2 to 3 buckets of berries ripen on the tree. Cherries are cultivated in the Central Black Earth region. In cold winters, the plant practically does not freeze and is rarely affected by moniliosis. The trees bloom early, the berries ripen by the end of June.
Chocolate girl
Several decades ago, Russian scientists, based on two varieties Lyubskaya and Shirpotreb, developed cherries that are not afraid of frost, bear fruit from the age of three, and are highly transportable, which allows them to be grown for industrial purposes.
The dark red, almost chocolate-colored berries contain more than 12% sugar and less than 2% acid. The stone is easily separated from the pulp.
The tree, about 2.5 m high, has a compact and attractive crown and blooms after May 15th. To the advantages cherries Chocolate girl include:
- drought resistance;
- self-fertility;
- excellent presentation;
- pleasant taste.
The plant feels good on illuminated slopes, loves fertile light soil, and does not tolerate acidic soil where water stagnates. The variety often suffers from diseases that affect stone fruit crops.
Anthracite
Small cherry trees with a spreading crown decorate dachas and suburban areas in the central regions of Russia. The heart-shaped and jet-black berries weigh up to 5 grams and are valued for their sweet and sour taste and for the fact that the seed can be separated from the juicy pulp without any problems. Anthracite cherry cannot boast of high productivity.The fruits ripen in the last ten days of July, are suitable for making compotes and jams, do not wrinkle during transportation, and do not lose their presentation.
Features of planting black cherry
In order for stone fruit crops not to be affected by diseases and to delight them with sweet and large berries, it is necessary to comply with agrotechnical requirements for care and planting. Be sure to pay attention to choosing a place where the black cherry will be comfortable. Trees do not like shade; they must be protected from drafts and piercing winds.
Seedlings are sent to prepared soil at the very beginning of spring, before the buds wake up after the winter cold. After digging up the ground, they add organic matter; it needs about 15 kg per square meter. m. The hole should be made to a depth of 50–60 cm and a width of up to a meter.
Before planting, the tree is sent into water with “Kornevin”, where it is kept for about 10 hours. Cherry varieties should be selected only those that are suitable for cultivation in a given region.
For the seedling to take root:
- A peg about 1.5 m high is driven into the hole.
- Ash, soil and humus are placed at the bottom.
- The tree is placed by making a small mound, leaving the neck 5 cm above the soil surface.
- The roots are covered with soil and watered.
- The seedling is tied to a peg, and the soil near it is compacted.
The soil is covered with compost or humus with a layer of about 70 mm. Thanks to mulching, moisture will evaporate less.
Care
In order for the cherry to develop quickly and delight you with large and sweet berries, you need to take care of it. The soil around young trees must be regularly weeded and loosened. They need moisture more than adult plants. During drought, seedlings are irrigated three times a month.
Cherries that are already bearing fruit are watered:
- during the formation of ovaries;
- when laying new buds;
- before the onset of winter.
Every 2 years the trees are fed with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. To form a crown, in early spring they resort to pruning using a garden knife. Be sure to remove branches that grow inside the cherry trunk, shorten shoots that are longer than 50-40 cm.
Cold and damp weather provokes the development of moniliosis in trees. Brown spots that appear on the leaves quickly spread to the trunk and berries.
Stone fruit crops are often infected with fungi that cause coccomycosis. Diseased trees develop brown spots that spread to the fruits, which turn black and dry out. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture when the leaves bloom, and treating with the fungicide “Skor” after the inflorescences fall off helps prevent the occurrence of dangerous diseases in cherries.
Garden trees suffer from the invasion of weevils, aphids, and codling moths. To combat parasites in early spring, use Nitrafen or Actellik.
To prevent rodents from damaging young plants, the trunks are wrapped in synthetic fabric or covered with pine branches for the winter.
