Today felt cherry varieties Many Russian gardeners are trying to grow it on their own plots. The main difficulties arise from ignorance of the main dangers that threaten the plant. To eliminate the risk of death of a fruit tree from fungal microorganisms or pests, it is enough to learn about the main diseases of felt cherries and the features of treatment.
Major diseases
Felt culture is considered a variety resistant to various diseases characteristic of traditional species.Felt cherry diseases can be associated with fungal infection, pest invasion, or improper care conditions. The disease can be determined by the appearance of the plant, abnormal deviations in the development of fruits and green mass. Based on how the leaves curl, whether they are dropped or spots appear, a diagnosis is formed and specific actions are taken.
Coccomycosis
A fungal disease caused by a parasite that reproduces on the leaves of a fruit tree.. Over time, the plates turn yellow, black dots appear on them, which leads to the fall of greenery. A feature of felt cherry is considered to be its resistance to this type of disease, but at the first signs of damage, immediate treatment with fungicides is required.
Pocket disease
The pathology occurs due to the influence of a fungus, and it manifests itself in an unusual shape of the ovary. After flowering, the berries are formed without seeds, and their shape resembles elongated pockets. It is in the soft bags that the fungus accumulates. Over time, the fruits dry out and become a source of infection. During the gardening season, crop loss from pocket disease can amount to 1/5. In the absence of timely measures, the plant may die next season.
Moniliosis
Moniliosis is one of the diseases that most often affects cherry plantings. A putrefactive infection is first observed on mature fruits and gradually spreads to shoots and leaves.
Signs of a problem include the following symptoms:
- drying of inflorescences, acquiring a copper-brown hue;
- mummification of berries;
- signs of drying shoots.
The first signs of a fungal disease appear at the time of flowering.The spores penetrate deep into the plant over time, and the appearance of the affected areas resembles the consequences of exposure to fire. The danger of the disease lies in its rapid spread and ability to affect other types of fruit trees. The risk of moniliosis increases with large amounts of precipitation.
Pests
Number cherry pests, capable of harming the plant and destroying the crop, quite large. They and their larvae feed on the pulp of the berries and damage the trunks, which leads to the appearance of gum. If no measures are taken, the plant may stop growing or die.
Shchitovka
There are quite a few species of scale insects, but all of them have a distinctive feature in the form of a protective layer on the body, consisting of glued scaly formations of the larvae. The size of the pest is no more than 5 mm, and in the initial stages of cherry damage, it can be difficult to detect lesions, since outwardly it looks like unevenness in the bark. Insects reproduce quickly and quickly cover the surfaces of shoots and leaves. They secrete a special substance called honeydew, which is an ideal breeding ground for fungi.
When infected with scale insects, yellow spots appear on the leaves, the plates curl and fall off. The wood begins to crack, thin and weak branches fall off. The growth of the cherry tree is inhibited, and signs of drying out of the tree are observed. The risk of pest occurrence increases with the abuse of nitrogen-containing fertilizers, lack of light, and moisture deficiency.
Aphid
The presence of aphids can be determined visually; insects cover the lower part of the leaf blade and cause them to curl. Ants contribute to the appearance of the pest, so special glue-based traps are used to prevent the problem.Some gardeners prefer folk remedies to combat the pest, others prefer insecticides such as “Iskra” or “Commander”.
leaf roller
Butterfly caterpillars reach a size of 2 cm and are brown or green in color. During the spring period, they begin to actively bite into the buds and buds of felt cherries. The presence of a problem can be easily determined by the curled leaves of the plant.
Grape mite
The main delicacy grape mite is the juice of the plant. The color of the insect can be yellow, green or red. The first felt cherry pests appear on the lower part of the leaves of the fruit tree. Plants suffering from drought or lack of fertilizer are most susceptible to infection. Pale yellow, silver or red spots appear on the leaves, and white speckles may be present if eggs are present. At advanced stages, white membranes are observed; if there are too many mites, a cobweb is formed.
Prevention and treatment
To prevent disease and reduce the risk of pest invasion, it is important to follow the rules of planting and care. Cherries are rooted in sunny places where there is no problem of soil dampness and stagnant water; in this case, the chance of fungal diseases multiplying is minimized. In the spring, the trunks are whitewashed, and during the gardening season the growth is not allowed to spread. It is necessary to regularly trim the tree to avoid excessive thickening.
Sick and affected branches are immediately removed and burned. Do the same with fallen leaves and ovaries.
Treatment of the fruit tree depends on the nature of the disease.To combat fungal infections, treat with fungicides, adhering to the instructions for use and safety precautions for working with drugs. A good preventive and therapeutic effect is achieved by spraying the tree with a solution of Bordeaux mixture.
Good for aphids cherry processing a solution based on ash, soap or tobacco. To combat leaf rollers for preventive purposes, plants are treated with “Prophylactic” in the spring, when the ambient temperature reaches +4 0C. Leaves damaged by the pest must be removed and burned. After flowering, drugs from the pyrethroid group are used for control - “Ivanhoe”, “Accord”, “Fatrin”.
Trees infected with thyroid gland can be quite difficult to cure, since the durable shell of an adult insect acts as a reliable protection and makes it difficult for chemicals to act.
Young larvae are destroyed using insecticides - “Aktellik”, “Aktara”. Adult pests are removed mechanically, carefully scraping them from the surface of the tree. Large areas are completely removed, and trimmed leaves and branches are burned. Places where scale insects are scattered are treated with a soap solution.
If a grape mite is found on a tree, the tree is washed with a stream of water. Insects do not tolerate high humidity, and such actions will help get rid of them. A good effect in combating the pest is obtained by treating the plant with a soap solution, which is used to wash or spray the tree. In case of significant damage, mechanical removal is carried out and insecticides are used, treating the plantings after the formation of ovaries, but no less than 30 days before the planned harvest.
