There are many varieties of apple trees. This fruit and berry tree is represented by both early-ripening and late-ripening varieties. Also among them are heat-loving species and trees that are unpretentious to the climate. In this case, we will consider the domestic selection apple tree Daughter of Papirovka. The tree is characterized by early ripening and a pleasant sweet and sour taste of the fruit.
What type does it belong to?
Apple trees of the Daughter Papirovka variety are early-ripening summer fruit and berry trees. Basically, this variety of common plants grows in Central Russia, namely in the European part of the country.This species belongs to the early varieties, which is why every gardener (apple lover) is recommended to plant at least one tree on his plot in order to enjoy the sweet and sour taste of apples and an abundance of nutrients and vitamins by mid-summer.
Description of the variety
Here we need to consider the characteristic features of the Daughter of Papirovka apple tree, as well as the characteristics inherent in the fruits of this plant:
- On average, trees reach a height of 7-8 meters, after which they stop growing.
- The crown of this species is dense, with all branches directed upward.
- On average, the weight of the fruits of this variety varies from 80 to 100 grams (more plump apples are less common).
- The fruits themselves have a round or angular shape (oval apples are often found).
- Ripe fruits of this variety have a characteristic yellow-green shade of the skin, as well as dense pulp and a sweet and sour taste.
The fruits of this variety ripen early. Typically, the harvest can be harvested as early as mid-July or towards the end. A healthy apple tree has good yield.
This breed of apple tree has found wide use in Russia, while demand for the early variety is present both in the southern and northern regions. Due to its early ripening and abundant fruiting, this variety is also in demand abroad.
History of selection
This breed of fruit and berry tree has a long history in Russian selection. Let's look at the main historical points:
- This breed of apple tree was first bred back in 1937 at the Kuibyshev experimental station;
- when breeding the breed, agronomists used the crossing of two varieties of apple trees: Anise Scarlet and Papirovka;
- today this type of apple tree is of regional importance in the Samara and Ulyanovsk regions;
- the author of the breeding of this fruit and berry tree was the Soviet agronomist (breeder) Kedrov;
- The breed first bred began to bear fruit in 1947, when the seedling produced the first apples.
This variety of apple tree has significantly surpassed the crossed varieties in frost resistance, as well as yield and taste, which is why there is great demand for it.
Today, Daughter of Papirovka is widely used as a commercial product for the production of juices, baby food and many other food products.
Growing regions
In Russia, this variety is used almost throughout the entire Central Zone, as well as in the southern and northern regions. Let's look at the main regions where apple trees of the Daughters of Papirovka variety are grown:
- the main place of growth is the Samara, Orenburg and Ulyanovsk regions (apple trees are zoned here);
- this breed of apple trees is widely used in the Middle Volga and Ural regions of the country;
- This species is often grown in the northern regions (Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions).
Also, the use of this variety can be found throughout the Valdai Upland. In the northern regions, this variety has taken root due to its resistance to low temperatures and frosts.
Papirovka's Daughter grows and bears fruit better in the southern regions. Early ripening is visible here, and in addition, the harvested fruits are large in size.
Productivity
The Daughter of Papirovka variety has high yields, which is why apple trees of this breed are often used for commercial purposes.Let's consider the main indicators of the productivity of a fruit and berry tree:
- The young tree begins to bear fruit already in the fourth year after planting in open ground;
- This apple tree bears fruit in mid- or late July (in cold regions the fruits ripen in early or mid-August);
- on average, about 50 kilograms of ripe and tasty apples are harvested from one tree (8-11 years old);
- in the southern regions, fruiting can exceed this figure by 2-3 times (up to 150 kilograms of ripe fruit are collected from one tree).
This type of apple tree bears fruit every year. Ripe fruits practically do not fall off the tree, making them easy to pick. Maximum fruiting occurs at 15 or 16 years.
Ripe fruits have little storage. As a rule, apples last no more than two weeks. If we are talking about commercial storage, then the fruits are aged for one month.
Diseases and pests
This variety is less susceptible to disease, unlike its ancestors. Let's look at the main characteristics of apple trees:
- This breed has average resistance to diseases and pests.
- To prevent fungal diseases from occurring, you need to take care of the tree.
- If the tree is sick, the disease spreads quickly.
- Diseases and pest attacks can be prevented by regularly spraying the apple tree.
Biological products are used for spraying, which are harmless to humans, but do not allow the disease to develop. To protect the plant from insects, in the autumn it is covered with whitewash.
Despite the size of the fruit, this type of fruit and berry tree has been recognized by Russian gardeners for its average resistance to pests and diseases, good taste, as well as early and abundant fruiting.
