Growing peanuts in the cold climate of Siberia is possible in open ground. To do this, you need to know a few rules and follow care recommendations. Early ripening varieties of peanuts are used, which manage to produce a harvest before the first autumn frosts.
Features of this region
Growing peanuts in Siberia is difficult because the plant loves hot climates. Here it is created artificially.Prepare insulated beds or use greenhouses. In this region, the main thing is to choose the right time for transferring to the ground. By the beginning of autumn, the harvest is harvested. Nuts are collected before the first autumn frosts.
Peanut varieties suitable for growing in Siberia
To plant peanuts in this climate, it is recommended to use early-ripening varieties that allow harvesting 100-120 days after being transferred to the ground. The following varieties are suitable:
- Acorn;
- Perzuvan 462;
- Adyg;
- Klinsky;
- Stepnyak.
Varieties with a longer ripening period are more difficult to grow. To begin with, they are planted at home, and when summer comes, they are transferred to open ground. Seedlings of late varieties are prepared 2 months before planting.
How to grow peanuts in the country
To grow peanuts in the country, you need to know how to properly prepare the plots, choose a well-lit place, carry out the entire planting process correctly, and create the recommended conditions for peanuts.
Site preparation
The site has been prepared since the fall. They dig it up and fertilize it with manure or compost, as well as phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. In spring, nitrogen fertilizers and ash are added. For 1 sq.m. 100 grams of ash are added to the soil.
Peanuts grow and develop well in fertile soils with a neutral environment. If you plan to plant in black soil, then mix it with sand in advance..
Selection of planting material
Seeds are purchased in specialized stores that guarantee germination and germination. Many gardeners also use their own raw peanut seeds. But in such cases, germination and germination are not guaranteed. They also sell ready-made seedlings, which are immediately transferred to the ground. When choosing seedlings, it is recommended to pay attention to the leaves. They must be strong, without damage or stains.The stem should be dense, without uncharacteristic bends, without damage.
If growing seeds gives good results and a harvest is obtained, then the next season they use their own material.
Planting process
Seeds are planted when the ground warms up to 15°C. In the Urals and Siberia, this temperature occurs in early June. Only with this value do they germinate. The first shoots appear after 10-12 days. When using seedlings, the plants are transferred to the ground 20-25 days after germination. The landing process occurs as follows:
- Prepare the area.
- Dig holes at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from each other. A distance of 60-70 centimeters is left between the beds.
- After planting, the plants are watered with warm water.
Important! When using seeds, after transferring them into the soil, the holes are covered with film until shoots emerge. In the daytime, the film is removed for 30 minutes so that the plant gets used to the climate..
Care instructions
To obtain a peanut harvest, it is recommended to follow plant care tips.
Sowing and watering groundnuts
After sowing the seeds and receiving the first shoots, monitor the watering regime. The plant is drought-resistant, so it should not be overwatered. Watering is carried out 6-8 times per season. It turns out that every three weeks one bucket of water is used per bush. Use water that has been settled in advance; it must be warm. A month before harvesting, watering is completely removed. In extreme heat, water every 2 weeks.
Hilling up plants
Peanuts require constant hilling of the plant. It is carried out after every rain and watering. Every 3-4 days, the plants are inspected, weeds are removed, and the soil is loosened to create good aeration of the root system.This stimulates fruit formation.
Diseases and pests of crops
Peanuts have a fairly stable immune system. However, there are diseases and insects that can disrupt its development. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to carry out preventive spraying and treatment of plants. Diseases that affect culture:
- Powdery mildew. A white coating appears on the leaves of the bush, they gradually turn yellow and dry out. Peanut development is slowing down. Damaged areas are removed, the entire bush and those growing nearby are treated with fungicide.
- Gray rot. Dark spots form on the leaves and gradually increase in size. The defeat occurs after flowering, the fruits do not set, and if there is an ovary, development stops. The affected areas are removed and treated with a fungicide.
- Black rot. Black spots with a purple border appear on the leaves. They are growing slowly. The development of the bush stops, the leaves die off. At an advanced stage, the plant dies. For treatment, treat with a fungicide after removing damaged leaf blades.
- Fusarium. The bush completely withers. The disease penetrates the roots and they rot. Peanut development stops and nuts are not formed. It is difficult to save such a plant; it is removed from the garden so that the infection does not spread to neighboring seedlings.
Peanuts are also damaged by insects:
- Aphid. Small black insects multiply on the leaves and visually form a film. Localized on the underside of the leaf. They feed on the tissues of the plates, which gradually turn yellow and die. Insecticides are used to combat them.
- Nutcracker. Insects live and breed in the soil. They have a well-developed gnawing apparatus. They gnaw holes in the pods and eat the nuts from the inside.To prevent them, traps are made for them next to the beds. Dig holes and place carrots or beets in them. Cover the top with a board. Once caught, the insects are destroyed.
Important! To prevent the development of infection and insect attacks, it is recommended that after 20 days of transfer to the ground, preventive spraying with fungicides and insecticides.
Harvesting
Peanuts are harvested in early autumn, when the plant dries and the nuts are easily separated from the pods. It is important to collect before the first frost to avoid damage to the fruits. Plants are dug up and rolled into shafts. Leave them to dry for several days. Then the stems are separated from the pods. The stems are discarded and the fruits are dried.
Drying fruits
Drying is carried out in pods. Nuts are distributed on racks no more than 10 centimeters thick. The drying room must be well ventilated to prevent rot and mold development. Dry at 40°C until the peel becomes dry. It cracks easily when pressed.
Afterwards, the fruits are laid out in cloth bags and stored at a temperature of 8-10°C. If the conditions are met, the nuts are stored well until the start of the next season.
