Cherry is a tasty and healthy fruit that is grown in every garden. There are a huge number of cherry varieties - registered and unregistered. One of the unregistered ones, distinguished by its qualities and unpretentiousness, is the Brusnitsyn cherry variety.
Description of the variety
Brusnitsyn's cherry is a lignified low bush with widely spreading branches and a large number of fruits. Belongs to the Pink family, genus Plum, subgenus Cherry. From the Latin “Cerasus” - cherry, the name comes from the city of Kerazund, from which cherry seedlings were first exported to Rome.The following describes the characteristics of the Brusnitsyn cherry variety.
The bushes grow up to 200 cm in height, bloom profusely in the 4th-5th year, after which green fruits are formed, which, when ripening, become purple in color. Flowers bloom in the middle - end of May.
The fruits are large, round, the weight of one berry is up to 6 g. Inside the berry there is a small round seed that is easily separated from the pulp. The fruit has a sweet and sour taste, the flesh is fleshy and juicy. The annual yield of an adult plant is 12-20 kg.
Last year's shoots have a woody appearance, the bark is brown-gray, young shoots are green. The branches are flexible and can be easily cut with pruning shears. The leaves are glossy, bright green above, light green below. Petiolate, elliptical in shape, up to 8 cm in length, pointed at the end. The edges of the leaves have small teeth.
The root system is powerful, growing up to 1.5-2 m in depth and width. The variety is suitable for cultivation in frost resistance zone 3-4, withstands frosts down to -40 °C, northern regions of Russia. Brusnitsyn's cherry is an early variety, flowering lasts 2.5-3 weeks.
Advantages and disadvantages
One of the main advantages of the Brusnitsyn cherry variety is its ease of cultivation:
- The variety is resistant to severe frosts and temperature changes. Withstands up to -40 °C.
- The fruits ripen quickly and the yield is high.
- Resistant to diseases.
- Unpretentious to the growing location and soil.
- Affordable and convenient bush height for harvesting.
- Self-fertility. The ability of flowers to be pollinated by their own pollen, which is a particularly valuable advantage in growing conditions in northern regions with unstable weather conditions.
The main disadvantage of the described Brusnitsyn cherry variety is that it requires careful selection of a place, protected from strong gusts of wind and drafts. The variety requires formative pruning annually. For greater pollination of flowers, you can plant the Mayak cherry variety nearby, which will increase the yield by 10-20%.
Features of planting and care
If all agrotechnical conditions for growing Brusnitsyn's cherries are met, 20 kg of fruit can be harvested, starting from the fourth year of growth.
Growing conditions
The soil should be sandy loam, the pH level should be neutral (5.5-7). The most successful planting location is the western, southwestern side of the garden. Near a fence or building walls. They are planted at a distance of 2-3 m from them so that the bush can grow. The young plant should be planted in a sunny place or in partial shade.
The first year of wintering should be accompanied by warm shelter and high hilling of the seedling. It is very important that the groundwater lies deep - more than 2.5 m. Watering is carried out 1-2 times a week in dry weather, 20-40 liters of water around the bush. Young seedlings should be watered more often - 2-3 times a week.
Small grooves should be made around the bush to drain excess water, especially during heavy, heavy rains.
Fertilizers are applied 2-3 times per season. For the first time after the spring thaw, before buds open, fertilizers with nitrogen are applied to the bush. During flowering, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used. Before preparing for winter, complex or microfertilizers are applied.
Preventive spraying against pests and diseases is carried out in the spring when young leaves appear. Pruning is carried out annually in the spring, frozen, damaged shoots are cut off, and the appearance of the bush is formed.It is very important that there are no weeds or diseased trees around the bush. The soil is loosened 1-2 times a month depending on weather conditions.
Stages of planting in the ground
Favorable time for planting Brusnitsyn cherries is spring, April-May:
- Prepare the pit. The depth and width of the hole should be 1.5-2 times larger than the root system of the seedling. Place a layer of drainage on the bottom, which will help remove excess moisture. The next layer is organic fertilizer - rotted manure, litter, compost, peat, pine humus.
- Prepare the seedling. Soak in water for 3-5 hours, you can add a root formation stimulator.
- Fill the prepared pit with water - 1-2 buckets.
- Before planting, treat the roots of the plant in a manganese solution; clean or remove those damaged by pests.
- The seedling is planted in a hole and sprinkled with a mixture of soil and sand.
After planting, the seedling is not watered from above; watering is done after 3-4 days.
Important! If the seedling is weak, then before planting it in the hole, you should firmly drive a support - a stick, metal fittings - into the hole, and only after that plant the plant. In this way, the cherry roots will not be damaged by the support.
Diseases and pests
The Brusnitsyna variety is resistant to diseases, but if the rules of fertilizing or pruning are not followed, the protective properties of the plant are reduced and diseases may occur.
They are also favored by humid, warm weather, long rains, and lack of collection of fallen leaves:
- Coccomycosis is a fungal disease that manifests itself in the form of small brown spots that gradually grow and merge into one spot on the leaf. After which the spots dry out and fall off, leaving holes in the sheets.
- Moniliosis (fruit rot) is a fungal disease that affects the fruits of the plant, white spores appear on them.The affected area becomes brown, after which the cherry falls off or may become mummified and hang until frost.
The most common pests found on cherries are:
- cherry fly.
- Cherry weevil.
- Sawfly.
- Aphid.
In order for the plant to have lasting immunity to pests, it should be sprayed with preventive medications. Brusnitsyna cherry is a variety that is suitable for canning, drying, freezing without large losses of nutrients and taste. An important rule for growing this variety is compliance with agrotechnical conditions and preventive measures.
