Description and characteristics of pear variety Chudesnitsa, planting and care

The Chudesnitsa pear variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2004. Despite the youth of the hybrid, the winter-ripening crop has been recognized by gardeners in the Central Black Earth region for its combination of winter hardiness and high yield.

Description and characteristics of the Chudesnitsa variety

The good thing about the common pear of the Chudesnitsa variety is that you can enjoy your own grown, environmentally friendly fruits all winter long.

Fruit

The lumpy green fruits with a blush on the sides become yellow-green when ripe and are shaped like an elongated truncated cone. The smooth peel is medium-dense, covered with a waxy coating. The weight of one fruit ranges from 130–220 g.

The milky pulp of the pear with a creamy tint is distinguished by a delicate consistency without stony inclusions and a pronounced aroma. The juiciness of the fruit is due to its 85 percent water content. The balance of organic acids (10%) and sugars (0.3%), which determine the taste, the absence of viscosity and astringency, was rated by professional tasters at 4.3 points out of 5 possible.

Fruit seeds are small and brown. The curved stalk is firmly attached to the base.

Tree

The trunk and shoots of a 3-meter tree are smooth brown. The branches form a spreading pyramidal crown. The buds are small, cone-shaped, tightly pressed to the shoots. The green, shiny, ovoid leaves are jagged along the edges, pointed and curved at the ends.

The Wonderful pear blooms with white 5-petaled flowers collected in inflorescences. Lush, fragrant flowering begins in late May and lasts a week.

Usage

In cooking, pears are used to make jam, marmalade, and compote. Juice is squeezed out of the fruits, and fruit seeds are included in the formulation of caffeine-containing drinks. To add a piquant taste, pieces of Chudesnitsa pears are added to salads, sauces, and baked goods.

Traditional medicine uses the following properties of the fruit:

• diuretic;
• anti-inflammatory;
• antipyretic;
• fixing;
• antisclerotic.

Pears reduce the cough reflex, contain a high potassium content (160 mg per 100 g of product), which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys.

Productivity

Full fruiting of the crop occurs from the sixth year of life of the fruit tree. Peak yield occurs 13–15 years after planting, when up to 80 kg of fruit is harvested from one Miraculous pear. At the age of 6–12 years, the average yield is 50 kg per tree or 130 kg per 1 ha.

Pollinators

The low self-fertility of the Chudesnitsa pear suggests planting simultaneously flowering varieties Nika and Feeria in the neighborhood, significantly increasing the number of ovaries.

Transportability

The high transportability of the variety is used by large gardening farms and gardeners who grow fruit on individual plots when transporting fruit over long distances to places of sale.

The main positive and negative sides of the pear

The Chudesnitsa pear variety was appreciated by summer residents and farmers for its positive characteristics:

• frost resistance down to -38°C;
• crown decorativeness;
• dessert taste of fruits with a floral-pear aroma;
• compactness, low size of the tree, making it easier to care for and harvest;
• keeping quality, high transportability;
• long shelf life when fresh;
• versatility of application;
• high resistance to rust, scab, pests;
• stable fruiting;
• high, artificially created immunity.

Among the disadvantages of pears, they note the need for regular pruning, since with a thickened crown the plant does not have the strength to form full-fledged fruits. The second disadvantage is the need to plant pollinators nearby.

Specifics of growing crops

Before planting the Chudesnitsa pear, gardeners decide on the time and place and choose a suitable seedling.When planting crops, follow the recommended algorithm.

Choice of time and place

In the climatic zone of Central Russia, it is preferable to plant Miracle in April before the buds open. During the season, the crop has time to take root and gain strength for the winter.

In the southern regions, a tree planted in September takes root and develops normally.

When choosing a planting site, exclude lowlands and shady corners of the garden. Pear is initially a heat-loving plant that requires good sunlight. Therefore, other tall fruit trees are planted no closer than 5 meters from the pear.

The combination of winter frosts and close groundwater is detrimental to the crop.

Since the pear tree does not tolerate transplantation, it is important to prepare suitable soil on the site. The tree loves loose, fertile soil that retains moisture at the roots.

Preparation of planting material

Starting from three years old, seedlings take root poorly. For normal rooting pear Miraculous choose a 1-2 year old tree with elastic shoots without dried out areas, deformations, or mechanical damage.

A seedling with bare roots is soaked before planting, the roots are shortened to 20 cm. Experienced gardeners recommend diluting a Heteroauxin growth stimulator tablet or 1 tbsp in a bucket of water. l. honey

How to plant a seedling correctly

From autumn until the first frost, a planting hole 80 cm wide and deep is prepared. A drainage layer is made at the bottom and watered so that the earth settles. In spring, the top arable layer is combined with three buckets of humus. In addition to organic matter, mineral fertilizers are added - 200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium sulfate and 2 buckets of sand, which increases the looseness of the soil.

Choose a cloudy day and start planting the Miraculous pear, following the technology:

• a low mound is built from the prepared substrate at the bottom;
• stick a stake;
• the seedling is lowered in the center of the elevation, straightening each root;
• cover with substrate, lightly compact the surface;
• water the seedling with a bucket of water;
• mulch the tree trunk circle with sawdust and hay;
• tie the tree to a support.

The top of the pear is darker than the roots. At the border of the color change there is a root collar, which after planting should rise above the ground by 2–4 cm.

Further tree care

Further care for the Wonderful pear includes moderate watering, mandatory pruning, and preparation for cold weather. They preserve the health of the crop and harvest by applying fertilizers to the soil, preventive treatments against diseases and pests.

Watering and fertilizing

They pour the Miraculous into the ditches. The first is dug around a trunk 10–15 cm deep with a crown diameter. The second furrow is made closer to the trunk, retreating half a meter from the first.

During winters with little snow, an adult tree is watered at the end of March. If there was enough snow, irrigation is carried out after the crop has flowered. A fruiting pear requires water of at least 30 liters per 1 square meter. m.

A seedling of the first year of life is watered every week in a volume of 10 liters.

When forming and filling the fruit, the plant is irrigated abundantly. This period falls in mid-June.

The next moistening of the crop is in August a month before harvest.

Immediately after leaf fall, moisture-recharging irrigation is done to prevent freezing of the root system in winter.

Feed the pear three times until the ovary forms. The first time - during the awakening of the kidneys urea or carbamide (100 g per tree). In the flowering phase, fertilize the crop with a solution of chicken manure or mullein (30 l). When the flower petals fall, apply nitroammophoska (50 g per bucket of water) under the tree.

In summer, the plant is sprayed with a solution of magnesium sulfate on the leaves. In July, superphosphate is added under the tree, which increases the sugar content and keeping quality of the fruit.

In the fall, to increase frost resistance, the Miraculous is fertilized with preparations containing potassium, phosphorus or ash.

Trimming

Formative pruning using the tiered method begins in the third year of life of the Wonderful pear. The procedure is carried out every spring before the beginning of the growing season, until the plant reaches 7 years. They begin with the formation of the first tier of culture. To do this, leave 2-3 skeletal branches in different directions on the trunk, located at the same distance from the ground.

The next year, the second-order branches are cut by a third, the young shoots are removed, and branches are left 50–60 cm above the first tier to form the second tier. Pear pruning continues according to the same pattern in subsequent years.

Upon completion of the formation of the tree skeleton, sanitary pruning is carried out annually, removing diseased ones that did not survive the winter and non-fruiting shoots (tops) that thicken the crown.

Whitewash

In autumn and early spring, when the snow has not yet melted in places, the trunk and lower branches of the pear tree are whitened. This simple measure protects the bark of the fruit tree from rodents in winter and prevents sunburn in spring.

A bucket of water will require 2 kg of lime and 200 g of copper sulfate. It is more convenient to purchase ready-made paint with special additives that protect the crop and ensure the durability of the whitewash.

Preparing for winter

Preparatory work for the painless entry into winter of the Miraculous pear is standard:

• clean the tree trunk circle from plant residues;
• remove rotten fruit from the tree;
• irrigate abundantly (5–7 buckets);
• mulch the soil around the trunk.

Mature trees need mulch, spruce branches, and brushwood placed under the pear. Seedlings need insulation not only of the root system, but also of the trunk. It is wrapped with agrofibre and other covering material.

Diseases and pests of pear

Wonderful pear is resistant to fungal diseases, but to be on the safe side, it is recommended to spray the crop before the growing season, during budding and after flowering. Use drugs that have proven their effectiveness in the amount specified in the instructions for use. Such means include:

• copper or iron sulfate;
• Bordeaux mixture;
• Home;
• Topaz;
• Speed

Less toxic are the biological preparations Trichodermin, Fitoverm, Gaupsin.

Of the insects, the one that most annoys the Wonder Woman is the pear honeydew, which is divided into 3 subspecies - red, yellow and spotted.

Insect larvae feed on the sap of the tips of shoots, buds, and leaf blades, inhibiting the growth of the crop. If urgent measures are not taken, the affected leaves will fly off and the flesh of the pear fruit will become woody.

In March–early April, a sheet is spread under the tree and adult honey beetles are shaken off the branches. If pests fall en masse, treatment with Aktara is required, which is repeated before and after flowering.

Harvest and storage

Miracle fruits ripen by mid-September. To harvest the crop you will need a stepladder, a metal hook for tilting branches and a basket. The fruits are picked together with the stalk in dry, sunny weather.

Pears are stored in basements and cellars for up to 5 months at a temperature of 0–5° C, placed in a wooden box with holes. The fruits are covered with paper and placed with the stalks facing up. If there is not much fruit, store it in the refrigerator.

Dried or frozen fruits are suitable for consumption throughout the year.

Wonderful pear is a successful result of the work of domestic breeders who have achieved the combination of the best characteristics in one variety, making it possible to grow the crop in central Russia.