Description and characteristics of the Yakovlev Memory pear variety, planting and care

For a long time, pears were grown only in the southern regions, because gardeners believed that the crop did not feel comfortable in a temperate climate. In the 50s of the last century at the Research Institute named after. Michurin, by crossing the Tema variety and the French Olivier de Serre, a pear was obtained that inherited excellent productivity, resistance to frost, and immunity to scab from its closest relatives. The compact tree grows quickly and produces fruit every year. The Yakovlev Memory Pear was named in honor of the family who devoted a lot of time to its creation.

Description and characteristics of the variety

The hybrid, bred at the Institute of Fruit Growing, is adapted to the conditions of mid-latitudes and grows in the southern regions, in the Volga-Vyatka and Central regions. The compact tree has a rounded crown and rarely reaches 2 meters in height.

Skeletal branches connect to the trunk at right angles. The shoots are covered with rough grayish bark; young growths are brown in color. The fruits of the variety are formed on ringlets. The buds have a smooth surface and bloom very quickly in the spring.

The leaves, located on branches with spines, are an oval, slightly curved plate with jagged edges.

The flowers of the Yakovlev Memory pear are collected in brushes, each of which has up to 8 buds. They appear late. The fruits ripen in September, are harvested throughout the month, and are held quite firmly on an elongated stalk.

A ripe pear is different:

• smooth and shiny skin;
• orange tan;
• cream-colored pulp;
• high sugar content.

The juicy fruits of the Pamyati Yakovleva variety lack astringency, a slight sourness is felt, and they weigh 100–125 g each. Arbutin, which autumn pears are rich in, acts as an antiseptic, has an antimicrobial effect, and prevents the proliferation of cancer cells.

The favorite of many gardeners and summer residents begins to bear fruit at the age of 4, and at 7, more than 2 buckets of pears are removed from the tree, which do not fall off, do not lose their presentation when transported over a long distance, and are rated by tasters at 4.4 points. The plant can withstand short-term frosts up to 38 ° C and has good immunity to fungal diseases.

Advantages and disadvantages of pear In memory of Yakovlev

The main advantage of the autumn variety is considered to be resistance to low temperatures, which makes it possible to grow the crop in mid-latitudes.

The advantages of pear include:

1. Small tree size.
2. Easy to care for.
3. Excellent taste characteristics.
4. No need for pollinators.
5. Early fruiting and high productivity.

The disadvantages of the variety include the presence of thorns on the shoots and stony cells near the core of the fruit. Harvesting pears takes a long time, they ripen unevenly, and are not stored for a long time. The tree does not tolerate drought well.

Reproduction

The Pamyati Yakovlev variety can be bred using layering. A strong branch is bent to the ground, a box with soil is placed under it, to which the shoot is pinned and covered with soil. The container is kept moist and insulated for the winter. After 2 years, when roots appear, the branch is separated from the tree and sent to the ground. Such a pear quickly begins to bear fruit and retains its maternal properties.

How is a plant planted?

The Memory Yakovlev variety is suitable for both summer residents and farmers. An unpretentious tree is quickly adopted; in order for it to bear fruit, it is not necessary to place a pollinator nearby.

When they plant

Pear grows well in mid-latitudes, but in the Urals and Siberia it cannot withstand long, cold winters.In the regions of the middle zone, the Pamyati Yakovlev variety is planted in the spring, when frosts are no longer expected; in the south, this can be done in the fall, but at the beginning, so that the pear has time to set before the temperature drops significantly.

How to select and prepare seedlings?

You should buy a tree for growing on a country plot or in a country house not at the market, but at a nursery that offers varieties adapted to the local climate. A 2-year-old pear takes root well. It should have elastic roots, shoots without cracks and wounds, and fresh wood.

Choosing a landing site

The tree should be placed on a flat surface, not hills, in an area illuminated by the sun. The crop loves loam and black soil; a place where groundwater is located close to the surface is not suitable for its cultivation. The problem in this case can be solved using a drainage layer.

Preparing the planting hole

In the fall, the area for pears is cleared of remnants of stems and weeds and carefully dug up. The tree of the Pamyati Yakovlev variety has developed roots, which require a lot of space.

The planting hole is made to a depth of at least a meter, with a diameter of 80 to 90 cm.

2 buckets of sand and humus are poured into the dug hole, 200 g of superphosphate, 3 tablespoons of potassium salt are added and mixed with soil. Lime or ash is dissolved in 10 liters of water, and the composition is poured into the pit. The fertile layer is laid separately.

Distance between seedlings

The Pamyati Yakovlev variety is not very tall; young trees are placed every 3 meters, leaving 4 between rows.

Planting process

7-10 days after preparing the hole, soil is poured into it, a mound is formed, on which the root is laid so that the neck is located 5 cm above the surface layer.After planting the tree, the soil is compacted, watered with 2 buckets of warm water, and the tree trunk is covered with peat. The plant is tied to a peg, which is installed in the center of the hole.

Pollinators

The autumn pear, created by the Yakovlev dynasty, is a self-fertile variety; buds appear on it every year, the ovary does not fall off, and the fruit ripens. To increase productivity, plant nearby August pear or Lada. These trees bloom at the same time and serve as pollinators.

Subtleties of pear care

In order for the variety to please you with its fruits, before choosing a seedling and a plot, you need to study what the tree needs most and what features of caring for the plant exist.

Watering and fertilizing

The pear does not tolerate drought well, stops developing, and will not produce a good harvest. When overwatered, the roots rot, which can lead to the death of the plant. The seedlings are watered every week, pouring warm water into the grooves dug around the trunk. One tree needs 2 buckets of it. If it rains often, mature pears do not require irrigation; in dry weather, moisturizing is necessary:

• before the buds appear;
• during the formation of the ovary;
• late autumn.

To ensure that water is evenly absorbed into the ground, many summer residents install a sprinkler system. The soil in the tree trunk circle is loosened and sprinkled with mulch.

2 years after planting in the spring, 80-90 g of urea is dissolved in half a bucket of water, applied to the ground under a tree, or the granules are simply scattered on the snow.

When the pear blossoms, feed it with nitroammophoska. To increase productivity in the summer, use potassium salt by mixing the product in 10 liters of water. Once every 3 years, while digging up the soil, the soil in the tree trunk circle is fertilized with humus or ash.In order for the tree to overwinter normally, in the fall it is watered with a solution prepared from a bucket of water and 30 g of superphosphate. Foliar feeding is carried out in the summer using urea.

Pear pruning

Immediately after planting the tree in the spring, they begin to form a crown. To do this, the central shoot is shortened, leaving it at a level of 60 cm from the surface of the site. Next year, strong branches are cut by 1/3, and the stem by 1/4, the rest is removed.

It is constantly necessary to get rid of diseased, dried, frozen parts of the tree. In spring, the crown is freed from shoots that do not bear fruit or grow inward. Regulatory pruning helps improve the flow of light and air to the pear.

Diseases and pests

Although the Pamyati Yakovlev variety has good immunity to scab, the lack of proper care and prevention, and unfavorable weather contribute to the activation of harmful microorganisms.

Diseases to which pears are susceptible

In early spring, fruit trees are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or vitriol, the trunks are whitened with lime, and the dried leaves are raked out from the tree trunk and burned. Such simple measures help prevent the proliferation of fungi that cause:

• rust;
• black cancer;
• cytosporosis;
• powdery mildew.

Pears suffer from bacterial and viral infections. It is easier to prevent the development of diseases than to cope with them.

Scab

In densely dense plantings, pathogenic fungi release spores into the vegetative organs of the tree. The leaves become covered with dark spots and dry out. Scab affects not only the ovary, but also the fruit. They lose their presentation, the flesh becomes like wood, and the skin cracks. The Yakovlev memory variety rarely suffers from this disease.

Moniliosis

A fungal infection, entering the pear through cracks, wormholes, wounds, provokes the appearance of fruit rot. Moist and warm weather, the presence of scab, and a thickened crown contribute to the rapid development of moniliosis.

Sooty fungus

Sometimes in summer the leaves of pears become covered with a black coating. This phenomenon usually occurs when the plant structure is damaged by pests, especially aphids. Activation of the soot fungus, which overwinters in the bark, leads to a deterioration in photosynthesis and weakens the tree.

Pear pests

Fruit crops suffer not only from diseases, but also from insects. Plants attract flower beetles, silkworms, scale insects, moths, and gall mites.

Aphid

This microscopic parasite feeds on the sap of young branches, has an enviable appetite and reproduces at lightning speed. If you do not immediately fight aphids, especially blood aphids, ulcers appear on the shoots of trees, which can lead to their death.

Pear moth

The female moth, whose front and hind wings are colored in different shades, lays eggs in the seed chamber after mating. To get into it, the pest gnaws holes in the fruit. Having dealt with the seeds, the caterpillar crawls to the next pear.

The parasite especially loves early varieties of the crop, since these fruits have thin and soft skin.

Pear flower beetle

A pest from the genus of beetles causes enormous damage to the crop. The insect gnaws through the calyxes of fruit buds that are filled with juice, but do not have time to open, and the tree simply does not bloom and the ovary does not form.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of a pear becoming infected with a fungal or bacterial infection, all types of pruning are regularly carried out, dried, damaged shoots are removed, mummified fruits and leaves covered with spots are burned.Several times a season, trees are fed with nutrients, which helps strengthen the immune system, and then it is easier for the pear to resist diseases.

To prevent scab, moniliosis and other infections, trees are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and urea, and the rules of agricultural technology and care are followed.

Harvesting

The fruits of the Pamyati Yakovlev variety begin to ripen from the end of August, but pears are harvested throughout September. The fruits are carefully picked by hand, trying not to get hurt by the thorns that are located on the shoots.

Storage

The pears do not fall to the ground, making it possible to harvest the entire harvest. In a cool room, the fruits do not spoil within a month. They are used to make compotes, make jams, and make juice.