Description and characteristics of varieties and types of peaches, selection rules for regions

The abundance of types of peaches makes one’s eyes wide open. Breeders develop varieties for all possible regions. The technical characteristics of the crop are constantly being improved. But among the variety, how can you choose the variety that will bear fruit consistently? And how to solve the issue with pollination, given that in most cases the peach is not a self-fertile plant?

Before purchasing a tree, you should familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of the crop and correlate them with the climatic characteristics of the region.

Varieties for different regions of Russia

The climate of Russia is heterogeneous. And breeders take this into account: they create popular varieties for each region. The new type is tested for several years and only after that goes on sale.

Southern regions

In the Krasnodar region, the climate is ideal for growing peaches. But when choosing species, it is recommended to take into account the characteristics of the soil and the occurrence of groundwater. The tree will bear fruit intensively on structurally fertile soil. Chalky, sandy, loamy soils require cultivation.

In places with high groundwater levels, the tree’s root system will become wet. This will lead to the death of the plant.

Gardeners in the region successfully grow peach species on clonal (peach) rootstocks. Vladimir, Saturn, Novy, and Steppe Turnip have proven themselves to be excellent. These are cultivated varieties; they are not found in the wild.

For the middle band

When choosing a peach variety for planting in the middle zone, in addition to taking into account the structure of the soil and the depth of groundwater, you should pay attention to the winter hardiness of the plant. During cold winters, the shoots and root system must remain healthy.

The warm period in the region is short, so for successful fruiting it is recommended to choose species with early or mid-early ripening.

In the middle zone, return frosts are not uncommon. They damage fruit buds and ovaries. Therefore, it is recommended to choose plants with late flowering. In the region, gardeners successfully grow Cardinal, Early Kiev, Kremlin, and Collins.

Ural

The climate of the Urals is characterized by short, hot summers and long, cold winters. Trees suffer from sharp northeast and north winds. For cultivation in the region, only zoned seedlings should be purchased.

These varieties have an indicator called high winter hardiness. Such plants can easily withstand up to -32 degrees, and buds - up to -8. They bear fruit well: Red Maiden, Golden Moscow, Flamingo, Skazka. Resistant to spring frosts: Veteran, G. Lebedev, Valiant.

For Siberia

In Siberia, it is recommended to plant highly winter-hardy types of peaches. They are buried at 45 degrees and covered for the winter. The plant is grown in bush form.

They bear fruit well: Siberian, Red Maiden, Golden Moscow, Flamingo, Skazka. If it is impossible to obtain a zoned variety, it is recommended to grow a peach from a stone. Such a plant will be zoned. But the size of the fruit will differ depending on the cultivar.

Northwestern District

In the Northwestern District, summers are cool, but with plenty of light. Winter is also cold, with piercing winds. But the cold is softened by winds from the warm Atlantic. Peaches bloom when pollinating insects are scarce. Therefore, it is recommended to choose self-fertile species.

In the region, early ripening peaches with high winter hardiness bear fruit. These include: Collins, Cardinal, Golden Moscow.

Volga region

Some agronomists consider the region ideal for growing peaches due to climatic conditions. The problems of the region are periodic droughts and hot winds. In the Volga region they bear fruit well: Memory of Semerenko, Golden Jubilee, Elberta, Greensboro.

Crimean

In Crimea, peach orchards are a long-standing tradition. But plantings are sometimes damaged by returning spring frosts. In the region they grow: Red-cheeked, Soviet, Cardinal, Golden Jubilee, G. Lebedev.

North Caucasian

About 500 types of peaches have been tested in the region. Currently, more than 20 are constantly grown. The most famous: Stanichnik, Prometheus of Stavropol, Stavropol pink, Fluffy early, Stavropol red.

Far Eastern

In the Far East, gardeners grow peaches brought from China. Their frost resistance is up to -45 degrees. Some summer residents grow peaches from stones and get decent yields.

Classification of species by ripening time

Depending on the time of ripening of peaches:

• bear fruit in mid-summer: July-August (early);
• harvest is given in late summer - early autumn: August-September (middle);
• They delight with fruits in the fall: in September-October (late).

But only in regions with mild winters and a long warm period is it possible to create a peach conveyor: grow plants of all ripening periods one by one.

Mid-season varieties

The average ripening period allows the fruits to properly gain sugar content and aroma. The varieties produce fruits of universal use.

The trees' high winter hardiness, transportability without loss of marketability and excellent yield are attractive.

Redhaven

Some gardeners consider this peach to be ideal. Plant characteristics:

• taste rating 4.9 out of 5 points;
• fruit weight up to 200 g;
• the bone is separated;
• the pulp has crimson veins;
• height up to 5 m;
• begins to bear fruit in the 4th year;
• winter hardiness up to -25 degrees;
• yield increases with age: the maximum (up to 110 kg) will be in the 11th year.

To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant pollinators.

Golden Jubilee

Product of American breeders. Plant characteristics:

• yield up to 40 kg per tree;
• Fruiting begins 4 years after planting;
• the pulp is yellow, aromatic;
• average density;
• the bone is small;
• easy to separate;
• the taste of the pulp is sweet with sourness and slight bitterness;
• winter hardiness up to -25 degrees.

The plant is rarely damaged by diseases.

Stavropol pink

The variety was obtained by Stavropol breeders. Distinctive features:

• yield up to 40 kg per plant;
• self-fertile;
• the pulp is juicy, fibrous, white;
• taste sweet and sour;
• The bone is partially separated.

The fruits are especially tasty in compotes and jam.

Fig peach

This peach looks similar to a fig. The pubescence is weak, the shape is flattened. It was bred artificially and does not grow in the wild. Fruits well in the southern regions.

Fig peach can be: Vladimir, Saturn, Nikitsky, Belmondo.

Veteran

This is an old type of peach. Characteristic:

• drought resistance is excellent;
• frost resistance up to -22 degrees;
• height 4 m;
• spreading crown;
• self-fertile variety;
• fruiting after 4 years of life in the garden;
• yield 50 kg per tree.

The main value of a Veteran is stable fruiting.

Hryvnia

This is a hybrid. Characteristic:

• early fruiting: bears fruit 2 years after planting;
• the fruits are tender and aromatic;
• frost resistance up to -27 degrees.

The plant is attractive due to the evenness of its fruits weighing 80 g.

Ruby Prince

Product of American breeders. Peculiarities:

• beautiful crimson color;
• partial separation of the bone;
• winter hardiness up to -23 degrees;
• fruit weight up to 300 g.

The excellent transportability of fruits without loss of marketability is attractive.

Donskoy

This peach has high frost resistance - up to -40 degrees Celsius. Characteristic:

• drought-resistant;
• yield up to 10 buckets from one tree;
• resistance to leaf curl.

The fruits are smooth (weight 90 g), the taste is pleasant. The bone comes off easily.

Kremlin peach

Product of Crimean breeders:

• the tree grows up to 10 m;
• fruits weighing up to 200 g;
• the pulp is aromatic;
• taste sweet and sour;
• during prolonged droughts, it needs watering.

Withstands frosts down to -25 degrees.

Cardinal

Product of American breeders. Distinctive features:

• height up to 2.5 m;
• self-fertile;
• the taste of the fruit is pleasant, sweet;
• fruits are leveled;
• weight up to 150 g;
• yield up to 40 kg per tree.

Winter hardiness down to -22 degrees Celsius.

Golden Moscow

Product of Crimean breeders. Plant characteristics:

• height up to 3.5 m;
• pubescent fruits;
• the pulp is juicy;
• the skin is thick and easy to peel;
• taste sweet and sour;
• frost resistance up to -28 degrees.

The fruits have a universal purpose.

Siberian

Productivity increases with the age of the tree. At 10 years it gives up to 50-60 kg. The plant is highly frost-resistant. Wood is practically not damaged by frost. The fruits are fragrant, juicy, dense. Peach can be grown in almost any region.

Late ripening varieties

Late varieties are recommended to be planted in regions with a long warm period. In other areas, the fruits will not have time to ripen.

Fury

The variety produces the largest fruits. The weight of one fruit reaches 450 g. Characteristics:

• winter hardiness up to -28 degrees;
• self-fertile;
• taste rating 4.9 out of 5 points;
• the bone is completely separated;
• The plant is resistant to curling.

This is a promising type of peach.

Frost

Product of American breeders:

• frost resistance up to -26 degrees;
• height up to 3 m;
• fruit weight up to 200 g;
• the pulp of the fruit is yellow, juicy;
• the bone is completely separated.

The advantage is consistently high yield. The fruits have a universal purpose.

Jaminat

Product of a Dagestan breeder. Plant characteristics:

• height up to 3 m;
• fruits weighing up to 160 g;
• mild pubescence;
• the pulp is yellow, juicy;
• the taste is sweet and sour, refreshing.

The variety produces consistently high yields (up to 190 c/ha).

Elberta

The variety has delicious sweet fruits with a bitter taste. Their weight is up to 150 g. But the variety is not frost-resistant. And it cannot boast of disease resistance. Its value is obtaining table peaches.

Irganaysky late

Received in Dagestan. Height up to 4 m. The fruits are sweet and sour, juicy. The bone is completely separated. Fruits of universal use.

Early ripening

As a rule, early varieties are early-bearing. 2 years after planting they produce a harvest. Productivity increases with the age of trees.

Fluffy early

The fruit has a heavily pubescent skin. Plant characteristics:

• height up to 3 m;
• spreading crown;
• the bone does not separate;
• the pulp is juicy, aromatic;
• self-fertile variety.

The value of peach is its early fruit for fresh consumption.

Dagestan gold

Obtained in Dagestan as a result of open pollination. Distinctive features:

• tree size up to 3 m;
• crown spreading, round;
• fruits weigh up to 150 g;
• the taste is delicate, harmonious;
• pubescence is weak.

The value of the variety is its early fruits for universal use.

Greensboro

Bred by American breeders. Distinctive features:

• self-fertility;
• early fruiting (yields harvest 2 years after planting);
• the pulp is white, juicy;
• the taste is excellent (rating 4.6 out of 5 points);
• impossibility of transportation without loss of marketability.

Productivity in 10 years is up to 60 kg per tree.

White Swan

Obtained by Crimean breeders. Distinctive features:

• unpretentiousness;
• excellent taste;
• white skin and pulp;
• self-fertility;
• precociousness;
• yield up to 60 kg per tree.

The tree produces large fruits: up to 200 g.

Morettini's favorite

The variety is early-fertile and self-fertile. Productivity up to 50 kg per plant. The pulp has an excellent dessert taste, juicy and sweet. The value of Favorite is its resistance to fruit shedding after ripening.

Kyiv early

Industrial grade. The tree grows up to 5 m. The variety is early-bearing: the first harvest takes place after 2 years. The fruits are smooth, tasty, juicy. Weight up to 90 g. Productivity up to 60 kg of fruit from one tree.

Frost-resistant

When growing in regions with harsh, long winters, it is recommended to choose winter-hardy varieties when selecting seedlings.

Vavilovsky

Bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Variety value:

• resistance to powdery mildew and curl;
• excellent sweet taste of fruits;
• dessert purpose of fruits;
• consistently high productivity.

The trees have a slightly spreading crown up to 5 m high.

Fluffy early

The fruit has a heavily pubescent skin. Plant characteristics:

• height up to 3 m;
• spreading crown;
• the bone does not separate;
• the pulp is juicy, aromatic;
• self-fertile variety.

The value of peach is its early fruit for fresh consumption.

Juicy

Variety with table fruits. Known since 1947. Gives consistently high yields. But disease resistance is low.

Winter-hardy

A productive variety with high frost resistance. The plant can be grown as a bush form. Fruits up to 120 g, tasty, juicy, aromatic. The plant overloads itself with fruits: normalization is required.

Self-fertile peaches

Peach is a crop that requires the presence of a pollinator in the garden. But some varieties are able to pollinate themselves. It should be taken into account that in self-fertile plants, a nearby pollinator increases fruiting by 25-30%.

Inca

The variety was obtained in Poland using the open pollination method. Characteristics:

• grows above 5 m;
• frost resistance is excellent (up to -25);
• almost never gets sick;
• dessert fruits, juicy;
• the pulp is oily;
• the bone is completely separated.

The fruits are very attractive: they are pink and pubescent.

Volcano

Bred by Canadian breeders. Advantages of the variety:

• fruits of excellent dessert taste;
• fruits can be transported over long distances;
• fruits can be frozen;
• The variety produces stable yields.

The plant is not affected by curling.

Harnas

Product of Canadian breeders. Advantages of the variety:

• high productivity;
• precociousness;
• excellent dessert taste of fruits;
• fruits weighing up to 140 g;
• The bone is not completely separated.

When planting, it should be taken into account that the plant has a large habit.

Boxer

Product of folk selection. It has not been tested and is not zoned in any region. Distinctive feature: fruits weighing up to 1.3 kg. But there are very few of them on the tree.

Large-fruited peach varieties

Gardeners dream of planting a tree with large fruits. But to successfully obtain regular harvests, it is recommended to take into account additional characteristics:

• resistance to diseases and pests;
• precociousness;
• self-fertility;
• frost resistance;
• plant habit.

It may not be possible to select a tree with all the parameters for a given region. Then it is recommended to prefer a plant with average fruits, but giving stable yields in a given climate.

New promising varieties

Breeders are constantly improving existing varieties of peach trees. The complex characteristic changes. Frost resistance and drought resistance, and immunity to disease increase.

But how to find the most suitable peach for a given garden? Summer residents appreciated the new varieties of 2018. The following received an excellent rating: Early, Harnas, Suncrest, Harko, Harrow Diamond, Harbiner.