Characteristics and description of the Yakovlevskaya pear variety, growing rules

Yakovlevskaya pear is a winter pear variety bred by breeders for cultivation in areas with a short and cool summer season. This variety ripens in early autumn and can be stored until the New Year holidays. Yakovlev pear is recommended to be grown in the regions of central Russia. Let's take a closer look at what this variety is and what its advantages and disadvantages are.

History of the variety's creation

The Yakovlevskaya pear variety was bred by breeders, along with a whole line of other varieties, for winter cultivation at the end of the last century. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the variety was entered into the State Register.

Characteristics and descriptions of Yakovlevskaya pear

Yakovlevskaya pear is a winter variety of fruit crop. It begins to ripen in September. It is best adapted for the Middle Zone, but it is possible to grow it in any region. The variety is resistant to diseases and tolerates drought and winter frosts.

Resistance to diseases and pests

The variety has high immunity to diseases of fungal origin. However, it may be contaminated with rust. Well protected from harmful insects.

Description of the tree and fruits

A tree of this variety can reach a height of ten meters. The crown has the correct shape. The shoots are straight, brown in color. The leaves are green, ovate, elongated, finely serrated.

To ensure better fruit set, the tree should be grown next to other pear varieties that have similar flowering and fruiting periods. The fruits have a classic elongated pear shape and are characterized by the presence of a smooth, hard skin.

A ripe pear turns yellowish with a red blush. The weight of the fetus can reach two hundred grams. The peduncle is medium-sized, curved. The seeds of the fruit are medium sized and brown in color. The fruit pulp is tender, oily, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour.

Drought resistance and winter hardiness

Like other winter varieties, Yakovlevskaya pear has high frost resistance; it is slightly damaged by frost. Able to withstand temperatures down to minus thirty-eight degrees Celsius. In addition, the crop is characterized by relatively high resistance to drought.

Pollination

The pear is partially self-pollinating, so when growing it, other pollinating varieties must be present on the site. They should have similar flowering and ripening periods as Yakovlevskaya.

Flowering and ripening times

The culture begins to bloom in May. The flowers are large, white or pinkish. The fruits ripen in mid-late September. Ripe fruits become hard, green or yellowish in color, with a red blush.

Productivity

A young tree can produce over thirty kilograms of fruit per season. With increasing age, the amount of harvest increases several times, depending on the pollination of flowers.

Transportability

The variety has a high transportability due to its durable skin.

Main positive and negative aspects

Yakovlevskaya pear has its advantages and disadvantages. The main positive aspects of the crop are high yield, large tasty fruits with a high sugar content, keeping quality and ability to be transported. In addition, the pear is undemanding to care, tolerates frost and drought well, and is immune to most diseases and pests.

The negative side of the variety is its low early fruitfulness. Also, if the tree is not pruned regularly, it will produce small fruits.

Landing nuances

Yakovlevskaya pear can be planted both in spring and autumn. In spring, seedlings are planted after above-zero air temperatures have established.Pears can be planted on any soil, but if the soil is poor, it should be fertilized with manure.

Selecting a location

The pear tree does not tolerate transplantation well, so the choice of location must be approached responsibly. The site should be flat, dry, with fertile soil, and should receive unhindered sunlight. It is necessary to maintain distance from residential buildings and buildings. The distance must be at least three meters. Pear trees do not like darkening, so trees should be planted at a distance from each other. The place should be free of drafts.

Preparation of planting material

It is better to buy seedlings not at the market, but at a nursery. The seedlings should have a sticker with the name of the variety, brief information, as well as information about the breeder and recommendations for planting.

Landing

When planting a tree in the spring, dig a pit one meter deep in the ground and add humus to it. Make the distance between the pits from three to six meters. The soil in the hole should settle evenly; do not leave the walls smooth. The seedling is immersed in the ground after two to three weeks. Water daily in the first week, then watering is reduced to once a month. When planting in autumn, the tree must be provided with shelter for wintering.

Plant care

Yakovlevskaya pear does not require special care. It is enough to water the tree regularly, in the required quantities, apply fertilizers on time and cover the plant for the winter.

Watering frequency

After planting the seedling, it should be watered daily for the first week. Then watering is reduced to once a month. If there is stagnation of liquid in the soil, it is necessary to build drainage, since the pear cannot withstand excess moisture.

Fertilizer application

Until mid-July, nitrogen and organic fertilizers are added to the soil of young seedlings. Mature trees are fed with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring, and with phosphorus or potassium fertilizers in the fall.

Preparing plantings for winter

Before the first winter frosts, the soil should be mulched with sawdust, grass or straw. A young seedling needs shelter for the winter season. Roofing felt or similar materials are suitable as shelter. Young trees and seedlings should be covered with spruce branches or spruce branches.

Pests and diseases

The variety is immune to diseases of fungal origin. The only disease that affects trees is rust. Yellow spots appear on the leaves, which become brown over time. If rust appears, the affected fruits must be removed and the tree treated with Bordeaux mixture.

Among insect pests, aphids and gall mites pose a danger to the variety.

The gall mite infects fruits and buds and prevents them from developing. The trees stop bearing fruit, and buds and shoots rarely appear. Leaves damaged by mites must be destroyed. The plant must be treated with acaricides.

Aphids feed on the sap of leaves, causing them to wither. Leaves are treated against aphids using a soap solution, in the proportion of one hundred milliliters of soap per liter of clean water. Also suitable for control is the use of dandelion solution.

To prevent diseases, you need to treat trees in the spring with whitewash and do not forget to apply fertilizers to the soil on time.

Harvesting and storage

Pears are harvested two to three times in one season. The ripeness of the fruit is indicated by its yellowish-green color with a red blush. The fruits should be firm to the touch.They can be stored in the refrigerator for up to three months after collection.