Zaveya is a pear variety that belongs to the group of medium-sized crops and has high fertility. This is an unpretentious garden plant that can easily adapt to climate changes. To grow pears in a summer cottage, healthy seedlings are suitable, a suitable place is provided, and the necessary care is given. This is enough to produce a harvest and maintain the health of the crop.
History of variety development
Zaveya is a young pear variety that was obtained in 2016.The culture was bred at the Belarusian Institute of Fruit Growing. Work on the type of fruit tree in question took more than a quarter of a century, but its characteristics prove that time was not wasted.
Today Zaveya is a popular pear variety, which is grown by both ordinary summer residents and agricultural enterprises. It has some similarities with the Simply Maria variety, but the latter is not able to withstand critically low temperatures. And since Zaveya does not die even in severe frosts, it is classified as a winter pear variety.
Description and characteristics of Zaveya pear
Zaveya has a dense pyramidal crown. During the flowering period, it is covered with abundant white flowers. The leaves of the plant are glossy and dark green.
The fruits are of medium size, their weight is approximately 180 g. The shape is truncated, conical, and the color is green. Gardeners note the high organoleptic characteristics of the product. Pear fruits have a sweet taste and a rich, pronounced aroma. The pulp has an oily structure, high juiciness, and is colored white-green.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Zaveya pear variety has many advantages and very few disadvantages. Gardeners consider the main advantages of the crop to be:
- good yield;
- stable fruiting;
- long-term storage of fruits;
- frost resistance;
- ability to adapt to any climatic conditions.
Cons of pear:
- susceptibility to phytopathologies due to improper tree care;
- intolerance to heavy clay soil;
- relatively late maturation.
In general, gardeners are satisfied with the pear variety in question. The culture does not cause any trouble because it requires very simple care.
Features of growing and caring for a tree
In order for the seedlings to take root, they should be planted in the soil as soon as possible after purchase. If the procedure is successful, the harvest should be expected 3-4 years after planting the pear.
Selecting a location
Fertile, slightly acidic, light soil is suitable for the Zaveya pear tree. The occurrence of groundwater should be at a depth of 2 meters or more. Choose a bright place for seedlings, protected from draft winds.
Landing
The area for the pear tree has been prepared since the fall. To do this, the soil is dug up, and then mineral or organic fertilizers are applied. Seedlings should be 1-2 years old, with side shoots no shorter than 12-30 centimeters. Pears are planted in the fall, approximately 21 days before the onset of the first frost. It is not advisable to plant a pear in the spring, as it does not take root well.
For seedlings, the holes are prepared 1 month before picking. The holes must have a diameter of at least 1 meter and a depth of about 0.5 meters. The excavated soil should be mixed with organic matter in combination with mineral fertilizers, after which the roots of the seedlings are sprinkled with it. After planting all the trees, they must be watered abundantly.
Watering and fertilizing
The pear develops a powerful root system that supplies the tree with all the necessary substances and moisture. Therefore, watering is carried out as needed - when the top soil layer dries out. For 1 crop you will need 10-15 liters of water.
It is important to irrigate during fruit formation and after leaves fall. To do this, trenches are made around the trees, into which water flows.
Fertilizing Zaveya is carried out according to the following principles:
- Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in spring;
- During flowering and fruiting, nitroammophos fertilizers are applied;
- After harvesting, the crop is treated with phosphorus-potassium compounds.
Also in spring, foliar feeding is allowed. To do this, you need to dilute 0.5 kilograms of urea with 10 liters of water. But under no circumstances should manure be used, as it can harm the pear.
Trimming
To obtain a consistently high yield, tree pruning is carried out annually. In this case, the branches of the 2nd tier should be shorter than those located on the first tier. It is also important to form the crown, and this process is carried out every year for 6 years in a row.
Winter hardiness
Zaveya tolerates severe frosts well, without needing shelter or insulation. But this does not apply to young specimens, which may die due to severe cold. Therefore, it is recommended to cover the trunk of a recently planted tree with spruce branches.
Diseases and pests
The Zaveya pear variety is resistant to many phytopathologies. As a rule, she gets sick only with improper care or lack thereof. In this case, the fruit tree may suffer from:
- Scabs. A fungal infection that affects leaves and fruits. It is treated with fungicides - Merpan, Tridex, Horus.
- Moniliosis. Phytopathology is characterized by rotting of fruits. When a tree is infected with this infection, 50% of the harvest is lost. It is necessary to spray the crop with Bordeaux mixture.
- Powdery mildew. It manifests itself by the formation of a coating, first dirty white, and then brown with black dots on the leaves. To treat phytopathology, the affected areas of the tree are removed.
Sooty fungus may develop. It can also be eliminated using fungicides or folk remedies.
Collection, storage and transportability
The fruits ripen in the second half of September.But, since they are able to ripen while in storage, harvesting can begin in August. The harvested crop should be stored in a cool place where direct sunlight does not penetrate.
The pear withstands not only storage, but also transportation. It is able to maintain its presentation and taste for several months.
